In case of fire, it must be put out urgently. Now there are various ways to stop burning, which quickly cope with fire. The traditional remedy is water. It really is considered to be effective, because it copes even with complex fires.
But water can not always overcome the fire, so other extinguishing agents are used. For example, powder and gas substances, liquid formulations and aerosols are used. Everyone should know about effective methods of extinguishing a flame. Often, even in school textbooks on life safety, you can meet the question: "List the main ways to stop burning used for different cases."
Distribution factors
Before considering the termination of combustion, it is necessary to understand the factors of the spread of fire. Fire is a chemical process in which any material is ignited. This phenomenon can be progressive in time and in area. The following factors often cause a fire:
- careless handling of fire ;
- malfunction of electrical networks and devices;
- non-compliance with safety regulations.
Causes of fire may be other. In any case, the fire spreads very quickly, and you must act immediately. Firefighters use various devices and methods depending on the scale of the fire.
It must be borne in mind that the fire is divided into 3 zones: combustion, heat, and damage by combustion substances. Observance of safety rules is important, which will help to prevent damage to human health and premises.
Ways to stop burning
It is now possible to prevent the spread of fire by 4 popular methods used in practice. These include:
- lowering the temperature of the ignition components;
- isolation of combustible substances and materials;
- dilution of combustibles that will not lead to fire;
- the use of chemicals and fire protection regulations.
Typically, water, foam, powders and various equipment are used to eliminate the flame. Their correct application eliminates the flame in any room.
Types of extinguishing agents
The main ways to stop burning are divided according to the principle of influence on fire. The most popular methods of exposure include cooling a hazardous area. When extinguishing, a ceasefire is supplied. Firefighters carry out the mixing of structural elements, the analysis of hot components, so that the fire is quickly cooled.
Another principle is created by diluting reactive elements. In this case, the extinguishing components are volatile or decomposable non-combustible materials. Insulating substances are also used that affect the activity in the combustion area by creating barriers and jumpers.
Fire Extinguishing Agent Classification
There are other ways to stop burning, based on the physical condition of the substances. The latter, as you know, are liquid, gaseous, granular, solid, as well as fabric. The classification of fire extinguishing agents by the method of influencing a fire area may include several materials with different physicochemical effects in one category.
Coolants
Often during a safety study, we hear the following question: "List the ways to stop burning." You can start answering it with the characteristics of the coolants. They are among the effective ones. There are ways to stop burning in a fire with heat emission. This is achieved through the use of refrigerants, which, thanks to cooling, regulate heat dissipation, reduce the level of combustion.
A traditional extinguishing agent is water, which has a high heat capacity, availability and chemical inertness. But like all universal remedies, the liquid also has disadvantages. Water has a high electrical conductivity, which is a limitation for its use.
Insulating agents
The school is often asked the question: "List the main ways to stop burning." In specialized textbooks there is all the information about insulating agents. The most popular of them include foam. Thanks to its insulating function, it quickly eliminates flames with little loss. It should be noted that the foam is considered a non-toxic substance.
But it can not always be used to eliminate a fire. For example, the created soap solution will not be effective, since in the flame its effect is destroyed. Therefore, special tools are used that have a structure resembling soap bubbles. Special stabilizers are added to strengthen the foam composition.
There are ways to stop burning with the help of special powders. Although they are considered universal, in the first place they isolate the source of fire. To eliminate the flame, powders with alkali metals, carbonate, bicarbonate, ammonium salts are used. These components help in extinguishing electrical equipment.
Dilution Components
These funds are used in special conditions. To extinguish the flame in this way, materials are used that dilute flammable vapors with gases. Different approaches can be used to supply materials, for example, to a fire source, to air, or to a burning facility.
In practice, the most popular tool is carbon dioxide, which quickly copes with burning in a fire. Fire extinguishing components containing nitrogen and water vapor are also effective. For example, water vapor is used to extinguish a flame in closed buildings.
Chemical substances
Chemical cessation methods are popular. The principle of operation is based on the chemical effects of components on a fire. By using these agents, the combustion reaction is suppressed. Halogenated hydrocarbons have this effect.
But it should be borne in mind that they have a toxic effect. If we consider specific compounds, the inhibitory components can be in the form of freons and other substances with ethane and methane. Specialists refer to such materials as freon.
Use of mobile and stationary means
Any methods of stopping the burning of substances and materials are effective only when a high-quality supply system of the appropriate composition is in effect. For this, mobile and stationary installations are used, which are used for the introduction and spraying of the substance.
Mobile vehicles are called fire engines, which are in specialized services. Moreover, this is not only the usual transport, but also trains, planes, sea vessels. Stationary devices used to release the extinguishing agent are also common. For example, systems are used in enclosed buildings.
The functions of stationary installations include the elimination and localization of the fire. There are many methods of structural application of such complexes. Distinguish between modular and aggregate systems. New devices are equipped with modern electronics and advanced control systems.
Fire extinguishing agents in fire monitors
Fire extinguishing means are designed during the construction of the facility, where they will be installed. These systems are more demanding to provide, therefore their location is especially important. They are used in industrial buildings where there are containers for fire extinguishing equipment. These include water tanks or cylinders with foam or gas filling.
There are devices that are not used to completely eliminate the flame. Their main function is the protection of production equipment and communications. Carriage designs are stationary and mobile. Extinguishing media are often supplied through utilities and utilities. This allows you to effectively organize the work of the fire.
Automation
Thanks to the new automatic installations, it is possible to effectively control the factors leading to the fire. And then the extinguishing of the flame can begin on time. As a rule, when the indicators laid down in the program are exceeded, active components are supplied, and therefore an alarm is triggered. There are different approaches to managing funds. For example, there are sprinkler systems that are automated, but there are devices with manual control. Automatic facilities are needed where staff do not work around the clock. The correct choice of extinguishing agent will prevent possible losses.
Each type of fire fighting has its own type of active component. Rarely uses multiple materials in the same system due to safety. The most popular are water extinguishing designs .
Nowadays deluge complexes are used to protect rooms with a high level of fire hazard. These devices are effective by providing irrigation throughout the protected area. The complexes consist of pumping equipment, control panels, pipelines, water tanks.
Another popular component used for deluge constructions is foam. Systems are needed to protect local areas in industrial buildings. Often used sprinkler systems with foam. These are the main ways to stop burning in a high-rise building and other rooms. With their help, it will be possible to quickly eliminate the flame.