The head of any enterprise seeks to organize work in such a way as to get the greatest benefit at the lowest cost. But no matter how much the manager wants to be economical and thrifty, he is obliged to ensure a normal microclimate in production facilities. This provision is strictly fixed in the law of the Russian Federation, signed on July 17, 1999, in the Constitution and in the Labor Code.
The labor legislation states that the responsibility for ensuring safe working conditions for health is assigned to the manager. Requirements are required to fulfill all - both legal and physical persons (Article 211).
The microclimate of the premises is that environment, it can be said, meteorological conditions, physical factors in which a person exists and performs the actions recorded in the labor agreement. What are these factors? Temperature, humidity, speed of movement of air masses, thermal radiation. If the combined effect of all these factors is such that the heat exchange processes are not disturbed in a person, the microclimate of the premises is considered optimal.
In the case when it is not possible to provide optimal working conditions in terms of temperature, humidity and other climatic indicators, but the worker does not experience any deterioration in health while in his place, the body's thermoregulation changes for a short time and quickly recovers to normal, they say acceptable microclimate. The norms of the optimal and permissible microclimate are established by GOST. For different periods of the year (winter-summer) and to perform professional duties of varying severity, these standards are different.
The winter or cold season is considered the time when the average daily temperature is +10 degrees and below. Summer or warm - a period with a temperature above +10.
According to the severity of the professional duties performed, jobs are divided into categories. There are mild, moderate and severe categories. The criterion for their separation is based on the energy consumption of the employee, considered in kcal / hour.
In addition to the severity of the work, the places where people work are classified into temporary and permanent, that is, those where the worker spends either all of his working time, or part of it, but at least 2 hours continuously. The microclimate of the premises for each category of workplaces varies, as their criteria are different, but the standards set for each of them must be observed by all enterprises, regardless of the type and nature of the work performed.
In order to ensure that the norms of the labor legislation are not violated, a special system of certification of work was created by resolution of the Ministry of Labor No. 28 of April 24, 2002. During the certification, certification of workplaces is carried out - working conditions are checked, the microclimate of the premises is measured, factors hazardous to human health are detected and measures are taken to eliminate violations. All parameters, including the temperature of the room air and work surfaces, humidity, thermal radiation, the speed of movement of air masses, should not be determined by any means, by eye, but by professional specialists. Climate measurement is carried out according to the established schedule. The laboratory that carried out the measurements draws up a protocol. It marks the indicators and gives their assessment. Based on the results of certification, a certificate is issued.
If the microclimate of the premises does not meet the standards, a penalty shall be imposed on the head of the enterprise, determined by the Code of Administrative Violations. Penalties include a fine of 500 to 5 thousand rubles.
If during the second audit the same violations are found, that is, if the head did not attempt to eliminate them or did not bring it to the end, he will be disqualified for a period of one to three years.