Sanitary treatment is used, as a rule, for chemical and radioactive infection. The goal is disinfection, maximum neutralization of the harmful effects of active substances.
Sanitary treatment of people can be either partial or complete. Partial processing is rarely satisfied. As a rule, it precedes a complete and more thorough one. It is carried out after the exit (exit) of people from the contaminated area (territory, site). Includes washing with non-contaminated water all open areas of the body, rinsing the mouth, and rinsing the nose. Clothing and shoes are decontaminated. In the absence of water, preliminary sanitization is carried out with improvised means: hands, face and other open areas are wiped with a clean cloth, foliage, grass, etc.
In infected areas, pre-sanitation is carried out with protective equipment (protective suits, gas masks) on. When leaving the hearth, clothing and protective equipment are first degassed and only then the respirator (gas mask) is removed .
The anti-chemical individual package remains the best tool for primary processing. When using the packages, body parts are first processed, and then clothing with protective equipment.
This is followed by complete sanitation. As with partial, first poisonous radioactive or chemical substances are removed (washed off, swept away). Then a complete and thorough treatment of the body, clothing, and protective equipment is performed. It passes in specially equipped washing stations. As a rule, mobile means are used.
Clothes are removed and transferred for disinfection. Next, arrivals are sent to the room with medical personnel. The affected people are examined, assisted (if necessary), help to process the mucous membranes and sent to the shower. Each is given soap, washcloths, clean rags. Sanitation lasts about 30 minutes. After a shower, people are again examined by doctors. In case of radioactive contamination, dosimetric monitoring is additionally carried out. With a high residual infection, sanitation is repeated (repeated washing).
Only after that people put on disinfected clothes already and go out without crossing the stream going for processing.
If decontamination of clothes is not possible, people are given clothes from the exchange fund (slippers, bathrobes, linen, etc.).
Sanitary treatment of premises is carried out with fixed outbreaks of infectious diseases caused by dangerous pathogenic microbes, and is aimed at destroying the pathogen (tuberculosis, hepatitis, etc.). The entire group of objects that can be a transmission factor (source of infection) of the pathogen must be disinfected.
When processing, problems arise that are solved taking into account the particular etiology of the disease, season, social conditions, terrain, etc. It is necessary to clearly understand what should be disinfected, when it should be carried out, and by what means it should be carried out.
Preventive disinfection does not depend on the detection of infection and is aimed at preventing an outbreak. Such disinfection is quite widespread in ordinary, everyday life. But its implementation should be regular, since it is regular sanitation that can solve the problems of the current disinfection (hand washing, pasteurization of milk, disinfection of drinking water, etc.).
When sanitizing the premises, the following are carried out:
- cleaning from dust and dirt;
- disinfection;
- deratization;
- pest control.
With the right treatment, all microorganisms, pathogenic infections, insects, rodents will be destroyed. This procedure should be carried out by organizations with a license.