The activity of Russian residents interested in detailing the calculation of utility bills per capita is constantly increasing. Many have set up individual devices for metering electricity, gas, water, and heat. The question arises about the need for the presence in the apartment buildings of the ODPU.
The abbreviation for this abbreviation is “common house metering devices”. Such a device is a counter that determines the total amount of expended resource, for example, electricity. ODPU often performs the function of the distribution structure of an apartment building. The latter, of course, means not a separate entrance, but the entire building.
ODPU Functions
Experts are of the opinion that individual meters are not effective without OPDU. The explanation of this statement consists in the following paragraphs.
- The ability to compare readings is necessary for monitoring the operation of communication systems.
- Improving the formulas for calculating utility bills by the population.
- Identification of leaks, analysis of the parameters of the supply of resources (temperature, pressure). OPDU allows you to determine who will incur losses in case of system violations (management company or installer).
Based on these points, it becomes clear what ODPU in housing and communal services is.
Characteristics and types of ODPU
Basically, ODPU are installed in the basements of houses. Such devices include common meters for hot and cold water, as well as thermal energy and electricity.
Companies involved in commissioning, offer a variety of options for installing ODPU. The decoding of their proposals includes not only comprehensive work to establish the functioning of metering devices, but also auxiliary materials.
For example, in addition to a heat energy meter, which is called an ultrasonic flow meter, water consumption, a node is set up that takes into account the automatic regulation of the heating system. Along with an electricity meter, a device that monitors consumption is installed.
Ultimately, three main options are proposed, which include installing an ODPU without additional control and data transmission elements, or with the inclusion of auxiliary equipment in the system.
Electricity consumption meters
What is ODPA electricity? They are divided, as well as individual metering devices, into one-, two- and multi-tariff. The latter is now the most popular option, as it allows you to reduce the cost of costs at night, late evening and daytime. The installation price of such a counter is much higher, but it quickly pays off.
There are three tariffs: night - 23-7 hours; semi-peak - 10-17, 21-23; peak - 7-10, 17-21 hours.
How is payment made for different types of meters? On the device there is a difference between its indicator and the sum for all apartments. The result is divided into all residents. If there are a lot of tariffs, then for all separately.
The best option for checking and maintaining meters is the periodic arrival of specialists who were involved in its installation. However, such work can be carried out by trained people from a house management company. Sometimes, in order to identify organizations that are dishonest and incorrectly record testimonies, according to the complaint of tenants who have revealed an obvious overstatement of the tariff, the electricity supplying organization or an authorized person representing the payers checks it. In this case, the reconciliation of data with receipts is carried out. For example, electricity for general needs cannot jump sharply, 2 times, just like that, depending on the season. This situation requires immediate verification.
Install ODPU
Even before June 2013, inclusive, the Russian government obliged everyone to establish an ODPU. Deciphering the need for this process is clearly seen in federal law No. 261.
It consists in the implementation of tasks aimed at energy conservation. Installation is made after the meeting of all tenants and voting, according to the results, a protocol is drawn up. If it is not possible to pay for the installation, the management company immediately collects installment money. The organization, in the absence of the initiative of the residents, may itself decide on the installation, and if they resist, do it by force through the court. All costs associated with the acquisition and installation, as well as the maintenance of ODPU, are paid by the owners.
According to the law, the management company is obliged to inform residents about the approaches aimed at energy conservation once a year, to develop options for actions and submit them to the meeting. In addition to the above methods, the installation of ODPUs can be offered by resource persons, that is, organizations that supply light, heat and so on.
Service and verification of ODPU
ODPU is a common property of an apartment building and is part of engineering systems. The management company is responsible for their maintenance. Verification of ODPU can be carried out by any person who is trusted by this organization. System maintenance includes inspection, repair as necessary, verification of compliance with real readings. There are situations when the maintenance of the ODPU is carried out by a resource-saving organization at its own expense.
Supply of buildings ODPU thermal energy
The installation of thermal energy ODPU is gradually gaining momentum.
Back in 2009, in connection with the growing costs of heat supply to buildings, a law was passed on the need for the presence of such devices in them.
They also require the installation of individual heat meters. Procrastination with this issue could face a fine. Their acquisition is also decided by the owners at a general meeting, while they also need to choose a specialist in this area.
How are utility bills charged?
The calculation of utility payments is based on the totality of all metering devices. There is a special formula for ODP, which varies depending on the type of resources consumed. For example, the amount of payment for water supply is calculated taking into account the following indicators: the consumed amount of the resource according to the indicators of the water supply capacity is divided by the amount of spending hot or cold water from an individual meter and indicators according to standards, if there are rooms that are not equipped with a meter. The resulting number is multiplied by the tariff and again by the indicator from the individual metering device.
Some of the nuances of paying for common house needs
What additional factors can affect the performance of the ODPU? To begin with, it should be noted that when calculating the volume of the consumed resource, the MOS counters of the general elements of the house structure (entrances, platforms) are not such. The use of such devices as general is not provided for by law.
If commercial organizations are located in a residential building, then either their costs do not go through ODPU and are calculated separately, or the required amount is deducted from the total indicator.
The statement that everyone else pays for the malicious deadbeat is not always correct. For example, when calculating the total electricity, its indicator is still subtracted from the entire amount. If the debtor does not transmit information on the meters, then the data on it are compiled at the approved rates.
Doubt about the reality of the amount of rent
For all structures and residents who observe the procedure for paying utility bills and spending resources, it is useful to have such equipment in the house. Household appliances are tidy; TIR = comfort. The Russian Federation refers to those countries where lawmakers understand this and have a desire to create transparent relations in the housing sector, understandable to the owners of an apartment building. It should be clear to people why they pay, how items are formed on receipts. To achieve the objectives and the need to install ODPU.
If there are situations of misunderstanding of the formation of the amount in the receipt, you can request an explanation from the management company by submitting a special application. In it, point by point, the need to clarify how the calculation was carried out with the formula and values; what are the volumes for total and individual meters; whether there are ODPU in the house and whether they are sealed ; Are there non-residential premises connections? what tariffs were calculated.
If the management company refuses this request, then it violates the law. Such an organization can already be suspected of concealing important information and fraud. To reduce such capabilities of the company, ODPU are being established. Deciphering their meaning consists in providing an additional opportunity to special services in order to quickly compare indicators recorded by management companies with real ones.