In almost all cases, due to carelessness, people are injured in traffic accidents. Lethal outcomes also occur. It is especially scary to talk about childhood injuries. It is necessary to talk with the child, train traffic rules, take an active part in his life.
Let's look at the statistics
Road traffic injuries pose the greatest danger to human health and livelihoods. According to the GDDB, around 170 thousand accidents occurred throughout Russia over the past 2017 . This figure is 2.5% less than in 2016. The downward trend in traffic accidents is certainly encouraging. But the death toll on the country's roads remains extremely high. Fatal accidents are 3-4 times greater than in Europe.
19 thousand people died in a year. This is 6% less than last year, but it is not at all comforting. The number of road traffic injuries is more than 215 thousand. Minus 2.6%.
Now let's figure out the reasons
Road traffic injury is fatal or non-fatal damage resulting from a traffic accident involving at least one vehicle in motion.
When making an accident, the following factors are distinguished: road, driver, car and pedestrian. In the tragic case, as a rule, at least two of them are involved. The main thing is the man, and the most important are the driver and the pedestrian. So, for reasons.
- Accidents with victims occur through the fault of drivers who are intoxicated, their number is 11% of the total number of incidents.
- Ignoring the seat belt, lack of a child car seat.
- The carelessness of pedestrians.
- Unexpected exit from the vehicle.
And now let's talk more about child traffic injuries.
Why do children get into an accident?
Consider the reasons that are based on physiological and psychological foundations, so:
- Kids, by virtue of their age, quickly remember traffic rules and just as quickly forget.
- Often, adults set a bad example for children.
- Boys are more mobile than girls, their activity prevails over caution. For this reason, after playing, they often become participants in an accident.
- The children's vision is arranged in such a way that, looking ahead at the car, they do not notice the nearby transport.
- The child needs more time to assess the situation than the adult.
- Due to its small stature, it can be difficult for a driver to notice him on the road. Due to the short step, the child stays in the danger zone longer. And the center of gravity is higher, for this reason it is difficult for the baby to stop while running, but losing balance or falling is easy.
- He does not immediately hear adult information, so he is late in reaction to signals.
- The brain is designed in such a way that it is difficult for a child to focus on one object, so he turns his gaze towards more interesting things.
- Unequal attitude to different vehicles. He is afraid of large cars, but he underestimates cars and motorbikes.
Dear parents, the children are not yet aware of the dangers of the vehicle, because they are still unfamiliar with concepts such as pain and death. Toys for them are much more important in life, therefore, having noticed the ball from a distance on the roadway, slow down in advance, and preferably even to a complete stop.
A child on the roadway - an alarm bell to the driver!
It is easier to prevent the possibility of road traffic injuries than to clear up the consequences later. If a child looks at a car, this does not mean that he sees it. Fascinated by other thoughts, he can jump out onto the road without noticing the approaching transport. If an adult is hit by a car, the injury is mainly in the lower leg area, and in a child the blow is applied to the upper body (stomach, chest and head), as a result of which the baby dies or receives serious injuries to the skull, brain, rupture of internal organs. Remember, the higher the speed of the vehicle, the stronger the blow and the worse consequences.
Let's talk about the prevention of road traffic injuries
And back to the children again. Parents must take all possible measures to protect the child from danger on the road. It is sometimes very difficult to identify the culprit of an accident, because it happens due to many subjective factors. Although first of all, drivers, parents and indifferent people passing by should bear responsibility.
It should also be remembered that children remain children. They are active, dynamic, fun, love to play and frolic. And they look at the world with different eyes than adults. Due to their psychological development, they cannot objectively evaluate the distance to a moving machine and speed. Drivers should take into account that, having noticed a child in the area of the carriageway, it is necessary to reduce speed, the baby may not behave predictably - abruptly jump out onto the road, stop and suddenly rush to the other side, that is, change the trajectory of movement in any direction.
In order to prevent accidents, school employees and teachers, preschool teachers need to conduct various activities and tests in order to protect children from road traffic injuries.
What do you need to teach children?
So that they do not have an accident, it is necessary from early childhood to teach traffic rules. It is useful for adults to know that pedestrian neglect is a common cause of accidents. Fatal accidents occur in the following cases:
- Crossing the road in unequipped places.
- Traffic on the roadway, not the sidewalk.
- At the prohibition light of a traffic light.
- The intersection of the roadway in the headphones.
- Incorrect bypass of public transport, etc.
On a personal example, it is necessary to show the child how to cross the road, going to the garden, from the store home. Every day, not when he had an accident. Your discipline, zeal and patience should be a beacon for him.
Memo to parents
There are certain general rules that every child and adult should know:
- You can cross the road only after you have become convinced of the illuminated green light of a traffic light.
- Trusting the latter, it is better to once again make sure that traffic is safe, look right and left.
- The child must be held tightly by the hand, the wheelchair should be rolled behind itself.
- During the transition, there should be no distracting objects in your hands: a telephone, headphones with music, cigarettes, and so on.
- Make the transition so that the child keeps up with you.
- Only in the proper place: at the pedestrian crossing, in a straight perpendicular line relative to the intersection or at the underpass.
- In the dark, cross the road only on illuminated sections of the road, and do not forget about reflective elements.
Never frighten a child with danger, talk, explain traffic rules from early childhood, tell us about traffic signals, which traffic can be used, and when you need to stand. The kid absorbs information like a sponge, but it is better to show it with a good example, through cartoons and pictures.
And now briefly give a general description of road traffic injuries
Consider the classification of injuries, depending on the type of vehicle. So, they distinguish:
- car accident;
- tractor;
- motorcycle;
- railway;
- aviation;
- from water transport.
Car injury is given first place for injuring a person.
Consider the classification of an injury
It can be divided into the following types:
- Hitting or injuring from a collision with a vehicle.
- Moving (front wheel).
- Injuries from falling out of the car.
- From squeezing a person with a car and other objects or soil.
- From damage to the inside of the car.
- Mixed types of car injuries.
- And atypical cases.
Motorcycle and railway injuries
Meet less often automobile. It should be noted that in accidents involving a motorcycle, both the driver of this vehicle and its passengers are seriously injured due to the design features of this type of transport.
Injuries are divided into the following types:
- Collision with a moving vehicle.
- Falls from a motorcycle in motion.
- Hit a pedestrian.
- Hitting stationary objects.
- Moving through the victim.
And this also includes atypical situations.
Railway injuries are second only to automobile injuries. Railway injury is a combination of mechanical injuries that arise from protruding parts of a moving train, rotating wheels and rails. The types of injuries are as follows: shock, moving, falling, squeezing the body with transport parts and structures located along the tracks, inside the cars and mixed.
Aviation injury
This is damage to passengers and crew members resulting from a plane crash. The reasons for the accident are many. We systematize the circumstances of accidents using airplanes as an example.
So, there are injuries:
- Received in an air flight due to a collision with another, other flying or immovable object.
- In an airplane on the ground, as well as outside it.
- Mixed variations of incident conditions.
- And atypical.
The article addressed the main issues of road accidents on the prevention of road traffic injuries. In conclusion, it is worth saying that, whatever factors and conditions may influence you, do not put your guard down when crossing the road. You must always be careful. Forget about the rush, sometimes it becomes the cause of the accident. Do not remain indifferent when passing by children who do not know how to cross the road or be afraid. You will spend a few minutes, but perhaps save the life of a little man. Remember, only you are able to protect yourself and your children from an accident.