Price - the cost of a product or service, expressed in monetary terms. It is usually determined for a unit of goods, for the volume of production, for a service. Price indirectly expresses the resources spent on the production of goods (services). These include the cost of materials used, raw materials, time and labor. The price also includes the costs of logistics, sales, advertising, marketing. Consider the concept and types of prices used in marketing.
Price (services, goods) - the value that has developed as a result of interaction between the seller and the buyer in the markets for similar goods (services). What types of prices in marketing exist?
Contract price is the value that is established by agreement between the parties. That is, the price in this case does not add up spontaneously, it is the result of a one-time agreement between the seller and the buyer. Such a price depends on the specific conditions prevailing for a given period of time.
The “types of prices” group also includes the purchase price - the cost of products for distributors, dealers. It is fixed in the contract of sale.
Wholesale price - the cost of the goods for the buyer, who at the same time buys the goods in a batch and sells them in the factory packaging. One product can be resold several times, passing through a number of wholesalers. At the same time, each of them will overstate the wholesale price, that is, a trade margin will be added to the purchase price.
Retail price - the cost at which the seller sells the goods (service) to the final buyer. He uses this product for himself, work or family. The retail price consists of the previous practice of interaction between the seller and the buyer. This value is fixed on the price tag or in the contract of sale. By purchasing a product or service, the buyer agrees to the retail price. It is formed as follows: wholesale price + trade margin of the organization (profit, expenses for advertising, wages of employees, storage of goods and others). Price list - a list of names of goods (services) and prices for them, which can be viewed by both wholesale and retail customers.
Price types are classified according to the following criteria:
1. By time of action:
- constant;
- temporary:
2. For a specific category of customers:
- open prices;
- special prices:
3. Depending on the industry:
- bulk prices;
- purchase price;
- retail prices;
- estimate for the construction of the facility: a list of costs for materials, wages to employees, etc.
- payment for the transportation of passengers and goods - is charged by transport organizations from the population and consignors of goods;
- prices for various services rendered to the population - retail price for housing and communal services, consumer services, communications, etc.
4. Depending on education, the following types of prices are distinguished:
- fixed prices - are set most often on monopoly goods. That is, the state regulates the cost of alcoholic goods, tobacco products, bread, etc .;
- free prices - prices formed under the influence of supply and demand;
- Prestigious prices are for wealthy people. The high price guarantees excellent product quality ;
- transfer prices are set between two enterprises. The basis is the market price or costs.
- export prices - the price paid when exporting a certain product to the border. These prices include:
We examined all possible types of prices in marketing.