Every year in the world and our state, disasters happen with human casualties - in large shopping centers, buildings where mass events take place. Although the walls usually have signs indicating where the emergency exit is located. This does not always help, not everyone has time to use it. Therefore, the developers have established more serious standards and requirements for buildings, not only for strength, but also for the quality of the materials from which they are built. The fire resistance of the structure is very important.
What to consider?
Even if an unforeseen situation occurs, people need to know how to quickly leave the entertainment facility or marketplace. Therefore, there are generally accessible evacuation schemes and emergency exit. This is a doorway that will lead out of the danger zone. Do not confuse it with the methods of evacuation, they have one goal, but the designations and standards are different.
What indicators combine?
Emergency exit is an additional help to people in case of emergency. The sign helps you navigate in a smoky room, find a safe way. Evacuation methods are planned in advance, for them the norm No. 21-01-97 from SNiP is provided. Specialists work on the schemes, and they are ready-made to be placed so that they are available to event visitors.
Emergency exit is the ability to leave the building in all acceptable ways. People are shown the way so that they can quickly move away from a life-threatening site. It does not require strict standards, and sometimes a fixed sign only indicates the right direction. Unlike evacuation. In this case, the number of visitors is calculated in advance. It is also important how far the doorways are from crowded places.
What are the criteria?
Requirements for emergency exits, as indicated by construction projects, do not always correspond to evacuation conditions.
You can choose a siding by the free pointer:
- Open balconies. If the glazed window or doorways are separated by a wall 1.2 m from the end of the wall with a size of 1.6 m.
- Crossings with a width of 60 cm, connected to an adjacent section of the building or fire compartment. This is found in multi-storey residential buildings.
- Loggias to which an external staircase is attached. It serves as a connecting link to the rest of the floors.
- Hatches located at a distance of 4.5 m from the floor surface with an attached staircase or pit.
Any openings and openings that can lead to the roof are indicated in the building designs if fire resistance and fire hazard are taken into account there.
Where else are they designing?
Emergency fire exit should initially include a construction plan. They are indicated on the drawings, in the diagrams when they are developing a general building protection system (SP 1.13130 p. 4.2 of 2009). They also indicate how inhabitants should move along sidings in case of increased danger and fire of structures. Such transitions are reflected in the design documentation and on the technical floors.
Typically, in these areas pave:
- cables
- pipelines;
- communications;
- network engineering.
The dimensions of the openings in such rooms must comply with building standards. The underground doors are located separately from the general, they go directly to the courtyard of the building.
Emergency LED output
Most citizens noticed in the offices of the enterprises, theaters or supermarkets large lamps mounted on the wall between the door and the ceiling. Their glass is painted, and in the middle is visible an inscription or an arrow. Such lamps are not designed to illuminate the room, they will help to orient a person if a situation arises in the building that is dangerous to his life.
For devices, the creators have developed special requirements. Depending on their purpose, the units operate in stand-alone conditions. That is, in emergency situations when there is no power supply, the backlight operates with a battery. They are distinguished by a high degree of protection and maximum color performance.
The LED belongs to the optimal light sources. The luminaires are positively characterized by the level of safety and ease of use with high working potential. During normal operation, they are connected to the wiring, but when an emergency occurs, the device automatically switches to the battery. There are emergency models, the inclusion of which occurs in the absence of power supply.
Emergency exit green
Emergency moving around the building in case of a life threat is shown by special signs.
They should be:
- in the form of green plates with white inscriptions on the exit;
- flat or volumetric structures;
- different sizes acceptable for a particular enterprise, premises;
- placed above doors in front of openings or on walls;
- color and graphically marked on the evacuation scheme.
Their manufacture on the basis of metal or plastic plates is allowed.
When the signs are installed in corridors, auditoriums, tunnels, where there is poor lighting, green signs should be voluminous, highlighted from common or autonomous energy sources. The manufacturer calculates the average sizes in accordance with GOST, so that they are visible in a darkened room, and visitors can read the inscription in any difficult situation.
Regardless of which exit the owners of the building provided for — emergency or evacuation, they have a single task: to provide people with the opportunity to successfully leave the dangerous room in a short time.