Emergencies (emergency situations) call a certain situation in a certain territory, which is the result of an accident, catastrophe or other disaster and threatens the life and health of a person, a violation of the state of nature, or can entail significant material losses. In fact, there are quite a few such situations. Classification of emergencies is a rather complex system, because several factors are immediately taken into account here.
To begin with, it is worth noting that an emergency can be conflict or conflict-free. A group of conflict emergencies can include, for example, military clashes, extremist struggles, terrorist acts, large-scale corruption, religious conflicts , etc. Conflict-free situations can be divided into several separate groups.
The classification of emergencies takes into account several main factors:
- The scale of their distribution.
- Nature.
- The pace of development.
Now you need to consider each of these groups in more detail.
Classification of emergencies by scale of distribution
To begin with, it is worth noting that here not only the size of the affected territory is taken into account, but also the number of victims, potential, indirect consequences, as well as the severity of the damage - because an emergency even in a small area sometimes leads to a tragic result.
- Local emergencies - situations that affect the limits of the workplace, a small section of the road or land, a private house or apartment.
- Objective emergencies are those situations, the consequences of which do not extend to the boundaries of the company or organization and can be eliminated by the institution itself.
- Local emergencies - situations that are limited by the boundaries of the settlement, and their consequences can be eliminated by the city’s own forces (village, district). In this case, the number of victims should not exceed 50.
- Regional emergencies cover several regions, republics or territories at once, and the joint efforts of all local services are needed to eliminate the danger.
- Federal emergencies - such situations cover the vast territory of the state, but do not go beyond it. By the way, assistance from other countries is often used to eliminate such emergencies.
- Global emergencies - in such cases, an unfavorable situation covers the territories of several countries at once.
Types of emergencies by rate of development
Of course, the pace of development is of great importance and determines the subsequent actions of special services. The classification of emergencies is as follows:
- Sudden emergencies - this can include accidents, traffic accidents, earthquakes, explosions.
- Rapid emergencies - emissions of toxic gases and fires are usually referred to this group.
- Moderate - such emergency situations include accidents of communal systems, volcanic eruptions, release of radioactive substances.
- Smooth - such situations, as a rule, develop gradually, but the damage from this does not become less. For example, a smooth emergency can include an epidemic, some environmental disasters (drought, etc.).
Classification of emergencies by origin
The origin of a particular disaster is also of great importance, therefore it is customary to divide emergencies into:
- Emergencies of a technogenic nature - this can include transport accidents, fires, explosions, spontaneous collapses of buildings, accidents involving the release of dangerous toxins and other chemicals, etc.
- Emergencies of a natural nature are volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, landslides, erosion, dust storms, squalls, hurricanes, tsunamis, storms, tornadoes, tornadoes, droughts, severe hail or rain, forest fires, the spread of infectious diseases, etc.
- Ecological emergencies are situations that are associated with dangerous, progressive changes in land, the world's oceans and the atmosphere.
It is worth noting that sometimes emergencies that occur with the participation of the human factor are also isolated.