Forced living in adverse conditions near industrial enterprises is contrary to the constitutional right of any citizen to protect health and stay in a safe environment.
Current legislation does not allow living in sanitary protection zones, therefore, measures can be taken to relocate citizens.
What is SPZ?
A sanitary protection zone is an integral part of an object that becomes a source of negative impact on people or the environment. It separates residential buildings, recreation areas and recreational areas from industrial sites. In this case, the boundaries are mandatory and information signs are set.
The calculation of the sanitary protection zone is carried out in accordance with the sanitary classification of organizations. Moreover, its size is from 5 to 1000 meters, which depends on the level of vibration or noise, as well as other harmful factors.
It should be noted that in practice the sanitary protection zone is measured differently - from the land plot where the enterprise is located, from production buildings or from a source of harmful industrial emissions. This is due to the fact that there is no clear indication as to which borders should be measured or how to determine the sanitary protection zone and its area most correctly.
Sometimes it becomes necessary to change the SPZ or create individual sites for enterprises that do not fit into any classification category. The sanitary protection zone can increase with a significant excess of the level of any production factor, as well as with the use of new technologies that are not well understood. It should be noted that with the increase in this territory, only data based on practical indicators are taken into account, and not those that result from calculations.
The sanitary protection zone is reduced in the following situations:
• upon confirmation of a stable technogenic impact that is below regulatory requirements;
• decrease in the level of physical factors affecting the environment within residential buildings;
• reducing the power of the enterprise, its conversion or change the hazard class.
It is worth noting that the sanitary protection zone in any case should not include any food enterprises and organizations that produce containers for food, water supply buildings intended for storing drinking water, parks, educational and sports organizations, as well as medical or health centers. In this territory it is also forbidden to place collective or individual garden and summer cottages.
To regulate the described provisions, normative documents are being developed that help to more efficiently and timely comply with the requirements of regulatory authorities, as well as to set stricter requirements for the heads of organizations to ensure maximum protection of the population from negative industrial factors.