The modern world, unfortunately, is full of a large number of dangers that must beware of at school, at work, in public places. However, these problems are limited in scope, and their development is not particularly dangerous, in contrast to the preservation and maintenance of national security. A definition of this concept can be found in this article.
The category called “national interest” is considered one of the main, as well as the most widespread in the whole system, concepts of the theory of sociological science. The sphere of national relations is often regarded as a certain field of social conflict, the interaction of different national interests, in which they are realized (or not carried out).
National Security Definition
What is this concept? The problem of defining the concept of national security today is acute. What does the term mean? The exact definition causes a lot of controversy and discussion. Consider all the definitions of national security separately:
- The security of the vital interest of the individual, state and society in different spheres of life from internal and external threats, which ensures the sustainable development of the state.
- The totality of accepted views on the goals set, as well as the state strategy for ensuring the security of individuals, the state and society from internal and external threats of a political, social, economic, military, environmental, industrial, informational and other nature, taking into account the available resources and capabilities.
- The ability of a nation to meet the needs that are necessary for self-preservation, self-improvement and self-reproduction with a minimum risk of damage to the basic values of its current state.
There are also other definitions of this concept. National security is stability that can be maintained for a long time, a state of dynamic reasonable protection from real-life dangers and threats, as well as the ability to recognize such challenges and take timely measures to neutralize them.
As you can see, all definitions of national security are very similar, all are correct.
In the Russian Federation
But what are the features of national security in Russia? The definition of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation is as follows: this is security guaranteed by constitutional, practical and legislative measures, as well as security of national interests. The most complete presentation of this concept is given in the draft law "On National Security".
Directions
Speaking about the definition of national security of the Russian Federation, one should consider its directions. National security in terms of content is differentiated into independent areas, such as:
- Defense.
- Political.
- Geopolitical.
- Social.
- Economic.
- Demographic.
- Ecological.
- Food.
- Informational.
- Psychological.
The main principles in determining the national security of the Russian Federation:
- Priority of national interest.
- Legality.
- Responsibility of the forces and national security organs for providing, in the person of their senior officials, with legislation.
- Awareness of the company in compliance with official, state, commercial secrets.
- Efficiency as well as optimality of security measures.
- Unity of policy while ensuring security.
Economic security
Separately, economic security should be considered. The definition of economic national security is as follows: it is the protection of the state economy from external and internal adverse factors that disrupt the functioning of the economy, as well as undermine the already achieved standard of living. This is a kind of state of reliability and stability of the social and economic system, the absence of danger that threatens the social or financial activities of people.
The concept of national security of Russia
In order to fully define national security, its concept should also be analyzed. It represents an official system of views on national interests, means, principles and methods of implementation, protection from external and internal threats. This will be discussed in more detail below.
National interests
They in the transition to market relations will be the following:
- Prevention of threats across the spectrum.
- Territorial integrity of the state.
- Civil peace, freedoms and rights.
- The interests of the Russian Federation in the geopolitical and political sphere.
- Interests in the field of economics.
Vital interests
Under the vital interests of Russia are understood:
- Reproduction of the population.
- Territorial integrity.
- State-economic identity of the people.
- Mental, physical health.
- Economic, social well-being.
- The right, freedom and duty of citizens.
Main objects
Considering the definition of the concept of national security, one cannot fail to mention the main objects.
These include:
- individuals, their rights and freedoms;
- country, its sovereignty, constitutional order, territorial integrity.
Sources of National Security Threat Identification
There are three main sources of threat to national security in the Russian Federation:
- Geopolitical opponents, that is, state representatives of other states.
- A comprador-oriented area of the Russian elite, which should include traders, entrepreneurs who mediate between foreign capital and the national market of the state.
- Organized crime, that is, social behavior, which is determined by criminal law.
The greatest danger is the intervention of an external force in the internal affairs of the Russian Federation with the goal of imposing a specific development path in the direction most beneficial for individual forces abroad:
- to prevent the functioning of the manufacturing industry, the agricultural complex with expanded reproduction;
- the orientation of the Russian Federation on the export of products and the import of equipment, as well as food, consumer goods;
- strangulation of science, industry, agriculture;
- preventing the Russian Federation from entering global markets;
- capital flight;
- pumping resources.
The threat to national security in Russia
Today, there are three types of threats to national security in the Russian Federation: internal, external, cross-border. Let's consider them separately.
External threats
External threats include:
- the activity of groups of armed means and forces near the borders of the Russian Federation and its allies;
- territorial claims against Russia, threats of exclusion from the state of certain territories;
- interference of foreign states in the internal affairs of the Russian Federation;
- buildup of military groups, leading to imbalances in the balance of power near the borders of the Russian Federation;
- armed provocations, which should also include attacks on various military installations of the Russian Federation, but located on the territory of other states, including objects, structures on the state border of the Russian Federation and the borders of allies;
- actions that impede the access of the Russian Federation to important transport facilities and communications;
- non-observance of rights, discrimination, non-observance of freedoms and legitimate interest of citizens of the Russian Federation in some foreign states.
Internal threats
Internal threats include the following:
- an attempt to change the constitutional system and violation of the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation;
- planning, preparation, as well as the implementation of various actions aimed at disrupting and disorganizing the work of government bodies and authorities, attacks on economic, state and military facilities, as well as objects of information infrastructure, life support;
- creation, equipment, as well as training, activities of illegal armed groups;
- illegal distribution of weapons, ammunition, various explosives in the Russian Federation;
- organized crime on a large scale that threatens political stability in certain regions of Russia;
- the functioning of separatist as well as radical national religious movements.
Cross-border threats
These occur in the following cases:
- the creation, equipping, and then training in other states of armed groups and groups in order to transfer them in the future for action in Russia;
- the functioning of subversive separatist, religious or national extremist movements supported from abroad, aimed at destroying the constitutional system in the Russian Federation, creating threats to territorial integrity, as well as the security of citizens;
- cross-border types of crime, including large-scale smuggling and other illegal activities;
- information actions hostile to the Russian Federation;
- the drug business, which threatens the penetration of narcotic substances into the territory of the Russian Federation or the use of the territory for the transit of these substances to other states;
- the activities of international terrorist organizations.
National interests
So, we examined what the concept of national security is, the definition of the problem and possible threats. And now it is worth paying attention to national interests.
National interests are a combination of interests of the individual, society, and the entire state in the domestic political, economic, social, information, military, international, border, environmental and some other areas of society.
At the core, national interests are objective, because they reflect the desire of citizens to ensure sustainable and stable development of society, institutions, improve living standards, and minimize threats to public and personal security of citizens.
These aspirations on the part of citizens are embodied in a single concept (doctrine) of national interests, the content of which is determined by objective parameters:
- the geopolitical position of the Russian Federation on the world stage, its allies or opponents, which pose a direct threat to the national-state interests of the country;
- position in economic international relations, level of dependence on energy sources, raw materials and foreign markets;
- the general position of the system in international relations, the prevalence of elements of partnership or rivalry, law or power.
During the study of national interests, two aspects are clearly visible: the internal, which is based on the recognition of the commonality of interests of various social groups and layers, and the external. A large number of Western modern researchers concentrate their attention on the foreign policy side of national-state interest. The conjugation or commonality of national interests is perceived by them as a matter of course. This is the main distinguishing feature of balanced, stable socio-economic systems, organic stages in the historical development of society.
The deep traditions in civil society and political culture are also affecting, which require the political force to follow the established concepts of the national-state interest of the country. Otherwise, they have no chance of mass support, influence.