The sanitary protection zone of the enterprise (SPZ) is a limited territory of the industrial zone of the enterprise, conventionally designated. The main purpose of the SPZ is to reduce the harmful effects of the enterprise on the natural environment as a result of production processes. The sanitary protection zone of the enterprise is created in order to protect people, animals and plants from the negative impact of the production activities of enterprises.
Depending on the degree of impact on the natural environment - noise, dust, and other factors - hazard classes are assigned to all enterprises . According to these classes, the size of the SPZ is established. So, for the production of the first class, the sanitary protection zone of the enterprise should be 1000 m, for the second - 500 m, for the third - 300 m, fourth and fifth, respectively - 100 and 50 m. That is, the more harmful the emissions, the higher the noise, the there will be a designated area more.
To determine the degree of danger of the enterprise, a number of instrumental studies are carried out - taking samples of soil, water, air, noise level measurements - directly near the enterprise and at a certain distance from it.
In the SPZ it is not allowed to stir up gardening societies and summer cottages, food industry enterprises, pharmaceutical production, children's and health-improving institutions. It is possible to find the following objects in the sanitary protection zones: garages and parking lots, gas stations, retail outlets, enterprises with a hazard class lower than that of the main production. It is unacceptable in the SPZ to accommodate people.
The sanitary protection zone of the enterprise necessarily assumes the presence of green spaces, and the smaller the zone, the thicker the planting should be. Such a zone is a forest and green zone.
The development of a sanitary protection zone is mandatory for all enterprises that affect human health, the livelihoods of animals and plants as a result of production, namely, if increased MPC values are observed outside the industrial zone of the enterprise.
The procedure for the development and approval of the SPZ of enterprises is determined by federal law, as well as a number of sanitary norms and rules. This law establishes the right of individual entrepreneurs and legal entities to ensure the safety of their own production for the environment, as well as constantly conduct production control and monitor compliance with applicable laws in this area.
To develop a project, it is necessary to know the technological processes and equipment used, the amount of waste generated, and also consider the prospects for the development of production. The project must take into account the climate and weather conditions in the area where the enterprise is located.
After development, coordination of the sanitary protection zone takes place in Rospotrebnadzor. This body establishes the compliance of the justified project area with the existing conditions.