To date, quite a lot of cases of fire have been recorded at various enterprises or in residential premises. To avoid such troubles, you must always follow safety precautions according to certain instructions. Currently, there are a huge number of ways to protect a room from fire. The main purpose of the deluge extinguishing system is to automatically extinguish fires. Such solutions are used for objects characterized by a high probability of occurrence of fires. The deluge curtain is a fire extinguishing system, which is a supply pipe from a pumping station, filled with water or an extinguishing agent.
The main difference between the sprinkler and deluge systems is the design of the final sprinkler. In sprinklers, special nozzles with thermal locks are used. With increasing temperature, they melt. In the deluge fire extinguishing system, this is not. Here, drencher nozzles with an open outlet, an unequipped thermal lock are used. Such systems are triggered by an external automatic fire alarm, as well as other sensors.
Features of the deluge fire extinguishing system
The deluge system is driven by emergency mechanisms. It can be launched from a wet or dry sprinkler system, as well as from a fire alarm.
Consider the principle of operation of a pumping unit in a deluge fire extinguishing system. The control cabinet first receives an alarm from the device, and then gives a command to start the main pump. In the event that the main pump does not enter the operating mode, the spare device automatically switches on.
As a rule, deluge extinguishing systems are used to protect fire hazardous facilities where fire spreads at high speed. Such facilities include warehouses for the storage of flammable substances, special facilities such as nuclear plants, and flammable substances, as well as paint booths.
Features sprinkler fire extinguishing system
Drencher system can be used to eliminate fires in the room. It can also be used to localize the part of the building on which the fire occurred. A deluge curtain helps shield heat flow, as well as smoke and toxic combustion products. Thus, deluge water curtains prevent the spread of fire and related harmful factors beyond the curtain.
Drench Curtains: Spread
The system of water deluge extinguishing fires today has become widespread in Russia and in all countries of the world. It is quite economical and allows you to protect rooms of any size. Irrigator deluge water curtain does not require complicated maintenance. All materials used in its production are resistant to aggressive environments.
The calculation of the deluge curtain must be carried out on the basis of several factors. In the case of narrow openings, it is recommended to install horizontal sprinklers of the DVG-10 or DVG-12 type. The DVG-10 system at a pressure of 0.2 MPa gives out 9.520 l / cm. The width of the irrigator is 3 m. It's okay if part of the water is behind the opening. You can also place two sprinklers at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other in the center of the opening. When using the curtain, you can not worry about the height: you can set up to 20 m. If you need a lower pressure value, for example, 0.05 MPa, then you will need to put four sprinklers.
Denser systems: what are they used for
Why can the deluge be used? The curtain is used to combat local fires. In addition, it helps to prevent the spread of fire from one room to another in buildings for various purposes. Systems of this type are distinguished by the use of open irrigation heads. Pipelines here in some cases may remain unfilled. Most often, dry-tube deluge systems are used in structures in which there is a constant threat of explosion. When arranging fire fighting installations at hazardous facilities, inlet pipelines are used. At the same time, dandlers are placed strictly upwards by sockets. Fire extinguishing composition will be transmitted only after the fire alarm is triggered - only then will pumps that pump pressure be turned on.
Fire fighting system: purposes of use
The installation of a drier curtain is usually carried out to ensure the fire safety of the structure. It can be used both to extinguish a fire and as a barrier to the spread of fire. The deluge curtain operates on the principle of a wall of extinguishing agent. Such systems are capable of holding flame and combustion products for a long time inside a burning area. A deluge curtain valve can be installed in a door or other doorway of a commercial or residential building. As a fire extinguishing agent, water or a special foam can be used. Everything largely depends on the cause of the fire and the type of room.
Differences between Drencher and Sprinkler Systems
These systems are currently most widely used in the field of fire safety. The main difference lies in the different arrangement of the end irrigators. This is also the main factor determining their scope.
Pluses of the deluge system
A deluge curtain can be used both to extinguish a fire and to prevent the spread of fire. There are no special nozzles with a thermal lock that melts at high temperatures. The control of deluge curtains takes place according to an automatic signal from the fire system or at the command of a person. The deluge curtain can be filled with both foam and water.
Installation Features
The basic principle by which the deluge curtain operates is the formation of foam using a special fire extinguishing mixture. Depending on the design of the system and its power, the curtain can contain fire and toxic combustion products inside. The most rational way to install a deluge system is to place corridors of residential and industrial premises. This solution allows you to provide a high level of reliability of fire protection. It is recommended to use it taking into account the main technical features of the premises. Where can the deluge curtain be placed? The design of the installation should be based on calculations of the main technical indicators. The fire extinguishing system should be able to keep the room, preventing the fire from moving on.
Types of deluge systems
The following types of deluge fire extinguishing systems are available:
- triggered by an autonomous signal;
- activated by a human signal.
Today, such a thing as a deluge sprinkler is often found. The curtain must be installed in such a way as to create an obstacle to the spread of fire. Mostly fire extinguishing systems of this type use water sprinklers.
Drencher systems: design
Drencher systems can be constructed in two ways: dry tube and flooded. Installations of the first type are usually used in industries with a low probability of explosion. In enterprises with a high risk of explosion, the so-called flooding dealers are usually used. Baths and saunas usually use a dry tube deluge system, which is installed directly under the ceiling. By design, it is a metal pipe connected to the water supply. The faucet through which the water flows is usually carried outside the premises. High-rise office buildings use a fire extinguishing system such as a deluge. In buildings of this type, a fire can easily go to the upper floors through the elevator shaft. That is why in buildings of this type it is especially important to correctly design the installation of deluge curtains. This will help prevent this from happening.
Control
In deluge fire extinguishing systems, the following types of control units can be used.
- With pneumatic drive: in case of temperature increase, a special lock starts to melt. This leads to a break in the cable and deactivation of the pipeline valve.
- With electric drive: if one of the specified characteristics deviates from the norm, the system gives a signal to the pump control unit and starts the water supply.
- With hydraulic actuator: when exposed to high temperatures on the thermal lock, it opens, as a result of which the pressure in the system drops and the water supply is turned on.
Advantages and disadvantages of deluge systems
The benefits of a deluge system include:
- availability and reasonable cost of equipment;
- the ability to quickly localize fire;
- large area coverage;
- ease of installation.
Also a huge plus of such a system is the prevention of the spread of combustion products, thermal radiation and toxic fumes. The main disadvantage of deluge systems is the high consumption of foam and water. It can also be noted that a high flow rate leads to high costs for the restoration of the premises.
Conclusion
The deluge system is one of the most common ways of fighting fire. The effectiveness of this installation is due to the fact that it allows not only to extinguish the fire, but also does not allow the fire to go beyond the source of ignition. The deluge system differs from other types by the presence of special open type irrigators, in other words, by dealers. They can be triggered by a signal from a person or system. As a fire extinguishing agent, both foam and water can be used.
The most effective will be the deluge systems in the corridors of commercial, industrial and residential buildings. This will not only slow down the spread of fire, but also in a short time will protect the room from fire. For this reason, deluge systems are now widely distributed in industries characterized by a high risk of fire.
Drencher units can be successfully used in rooms with low temperature conditions. Water enters them only when a fire signal occurs. Until this moment, the dealers will be in a dry state. In order to most effectively use the fire extinguishing system, when designing a project, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the room and other factors. The main advantage of this type of system is that you can start it without waiting for the melting of thermal locks. This is especially important in enterprises where there is a high risk of ignition of explosive and flammable substances.