Breast cancer today are in first place in the frequency of occurrence in women of different ages. In order to determine the presence of this disease, a woman needs to undergo a series of examinations at the first symptoms, which will help the attending physician make the correct diagnosis. The research data includes a number of activities.
What is a trepan biopsy?
One of the mandatory methods that confirm or deny the presence of oncological changes in the mammary gland is a biopsy, the essence of which is that, using special equipment, biological material is taken from the affected area of the tissue, which is examined. A biopsy is one of the main methods for diagnosing cancer in the very initial stages, with a high information content.
A trepan biopsy is a type of this diagnostic study, which is characterized by the fact that during the biopsy, a special thick needle is used to remove biological material - trepan. A thin-bore needle, usually used with a standard biopsy technique, takes less material than a trepan, which is why it is used to diagnose the mammary gland.
Equipment for this procedure
Trepan is a special, cutting needle, equipped with a puncture gun, which allows you to take a fragment of the affected tissue. This biomaterial undergoes histological, morphological and chemical studies, which gives an extensive idea of the structure of the tissue and its characteristics.
The trepan biopsy needle has a special structure. It is introduced into the mammary gland, slightly scrolled, which helps to capture tissue particles, after which it is sharply removed. This research method is more informative than a conventional biopsy with a thin needle, since trepan allows you to capture material from several sections of the mammary gland.
The resulting biomaterial is transferred to the profile solution, where a special chemical dye is added, after which it is sent for histological examination. There, particles of diseased tissues are examined by specialists under a microscope, and are also exposed to special reagents. This allows us to conclude not only about the presence of cancer cells, but also about which drugs the patient is most sensitive to. This determines the plan for the most effective treatment.
The reliability of trepan biopsies is very high and amounts to 97%, which cannot be said about other studies of a similar nature existing to date. This study is safe because it does not injure breast tissue, which poses a risk of infection and exacerbation of the disease.
Indications for
In order for the doctor to prescribe this diagnostic study to the woman, special serious reasons are needed, since this procedure is not carried out for the prevention of cancer and is not on the list of ordinary people.
The reasons for this are:
- The presence of spots and blackouts on the x-ray.
- Insufficient information content of a fine needle biopsy.
- Breast cysts, as well as other neoplasms.
- Discharge from the nipples of uncertain origin.
- The appearance of papillomas.
- Nodal forms of mastopathy, as well as their atypical cases.
A trepan biopsy is done before radiation therapy, as well as instead of resection during surgery on the mammary gland. Despite the fact that this tissue study is very high quality, experts recommend that it be prescribed only when absolutely necessary.
Contraindications to the study
Contraindications in this case are:
- allergy to drugs used in anesthesia;
- situations where an ultrasound examination of the breast has provided enough information to establish a diagnosis;
- hemophilia, poor blood coagulability.
The consequences of trepan biopsy of the breast are discussed below.
What is the preparation for the procedure?
This study does not require any special preparation, but in some cases, the doctor may prescribe to the patient drugs that normalize blood coagulation, as well as antibiotics that will help prevent the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the mammary gland.
Before the study, it is necessary to refuse to take medications that can provoke the formation of blood clots, as well as the use of alcohol.
Order of conduct
The procedure is as follows:
- The patient should remove clothing from the upper body and lie on her back.
- The doctor conducts local anesthesia, after which he examines and palpates the site of the suspected neoplasm.
- The doctor cuts the problem area, and then inserts the needle. The insertion of the needle can be carried out either automatically or manually.
- A fragment is taken from the area of damaged tissue, after which the needle is removed from the mammary gland.
- On the internal space of the site from which the biomaterial was taken, they are treated with a special anticoagulant, which helps to close the blood and lymph vessels.
- After the procedure, an ice bag is placed on the chest.
The total duration of the procedure is approximately 20-30 minutes.
Often this procedure is used for medicinal purposes - using a trepan needle, it is possible to remove cysts by sucking liquid from them. The walls of such a neoplasm subsequently resolve independently.
This procedure is minimally invasive and painless, which does not require suturing. Trepan biopsy does not leave scars and scars.
Possible negative consequences of the procedure
Within a few days after the procedure, the patient should abandon physical activity. If she is concerned about discomfort in the breast, you can apply ice or take painkillers.
The risk of undesirable consequences is minimal, but it exists. There may be swelling of the mammary gland from which the tissue fragment was taken, and bruising is also possible. In rare cases, the patient rises to 38 degrees, chills and malaise. In all these cases, you must seek the advice of a doctor. Consider reviews of trepan biopsies.
Study Reviews
Most of the patients who underwent this procedure respond positively about it. Almost all women were satisfied that the study was carried out using the latest technological equipment, which minimizes the likelihood of complications and side effects as a result of breast trepan biopsy.
In addition, the study is carried out, as a rule, by experienced specialists who do not make mistakes in their activities. Many positive reviews of the patient are left regarding the procedure itself, which is absolutely painless.
Some women observed such negative effects of this procedure as the appearance of severe swelling of the mammary glands the day after the study. According to reviews of a trepan biopsy of the mammary gland, an elevated temperature, often up to 37.5-38 degrees, as well as nervous tension, is not excluded, but similar symptoms disappear on their own within a few days.
Conclusion
So, trepan biopsy is one of the most progressive methods for studying breast tissue, which has been widely used in the field of diagnostic measures for the detection and treatment of breast cancer worldwide. With the help of this study, not only diagnostics can be carried out, but also functional treatment of some diseases of the mammary gland, such as, for example, a cyst. The procedure is carried out painlessly and minimally invasively, which allows you to use this method for a qualitative study of all neoplasms of the mammary glands and to carry out this procedure in ordinary polyclinics. To implement this diagnostic method, high-tech equipment is used to capture the maximum necessary for the study of biological material. Women who underwent a trepan biopsy procedure were satisfied with both the methodology and the absence of negative consequences, with the exception of some rare cases.