The Zavolzhsky Motor Plant, which was founded back in 1958, has produced more than 15 million engines. Motors were supplied to the Ulyanovsk, Gorkovsky and Pavlovsky bus plants. Among the manufactured engines were ZMZ-410. This power unit, which was installed on vehicles with increased cross-country ability, has very interesting technical characteristics. Let's look at the main design features, advantages and disadvantages of the 410th motor.
general information
ZMZ-410 is the reworked 402nd. The latter was famous for its simplicity, reliability in operation and unpretentiousness in maintenance. But over time, this engine is outdated, so it was decided to develop a more modern power unit, which would be just as reliable. That is why the design of the ZMZ-410 is similar to the 402nd motor.
But at the same time, the engineers were faced with the task of increasing the power of the power unit. For this, a new block ZMZ-410 with cylinder liners was developed. It was noteworthy that the block material was an aluminum alloy, and cast-iron sleeves were pressed into it. Also, the developers have somewhat redesigned the shape of the pistons. Otherwise, the design of this motor is similar to the 402 model of power units ZMZ.
Technical characteristics of ZMZ-410
The cylinder capacity of the 410th is 2.89 liters. At the same time, its rated power is 96 horsepower, with a crankshaft rotational speed of 3,500 rpm. The maximum torque is achieved at a crankshaft speed of 2,500 rpm and is 201 Nm. In fact, this is a classic inline four, which did not stand out by the presence of any constructive frills.
Designers, as noted above, increased the unit to increase power. The cylinder diameter in this motor is 100 mm and the piston stroke is 92 mm. The OHV gas distribution mechanism with two valves per cylinder is used. Speech about the injection system in those days did not go, therefore, this ICE was built with a K-151Ts carburetor. The motor resource of the motor is about 200,000 kilometers with timely maintenance, high-quality lubrication and the absence of increased loads.
Successful model
We can safely say that in general the model turned out to be very successful. After all, the characteristics of the ZMZ-410 engines at that time were very good. For a long time, a carburetor engine with contact ignition distribution was operated as part of a UAZ car group. The factory designation of the motor is ZMZ4104.10.
The success of this model can be said due to the fact that for the whole time about 15 modifications of this power unit have been developed. Depending on the customer’s instructions, various components were additionally installed on the motor, such as water pumps, sensors, etc. If necessary, it was possible to replace the 410th with UMP-421 without any alterations. But at the same time, it was noted that the build quality of the Zavolzhsky Motor Plant is an order of magnitude higher than that of Ulyanovsk. Although, most likely, this concerned only this particular model.
Briefly about maintenance
As noted above, this is a fairly simple motor design, characterized by its increased reliability. Nevertheless, for long-term operation without major repairs, it is necessary to observe a number of recommendations of the manufacturer:
- replacement of engine oil every 10,000 kilometers; also install a new oil filter;
- adjustment of valves every 15,000 kilometers, thermal clearances for exhaust valves - 0.4-0.45 mm, for inlet first and fourth cylinders - 0.35-0.40, for second and third - 0.4-0.45 mm ;
- checking the condition of the crankshaft oil seals; if necessary, replace the packing.
As you can see, the maintenance of this motor comes down to a few fairly simple steps. Such maintenance is quite cheap and fast. If you comply with these requirements, you can significantly extend the life of the motor. At the same time, non-observance of the regulatory deadlines for adjusting work and changing the oil can lead to a reduction in the life of the engine and its premature departure for major repairs.
ZMZ-410: reviews of motorists
Most drivers compare the 410th model of the Zavolzhsky plant and the 421st Ulyanovsk plant. Quite often, motorists can not decide. Indeed, it is rather difficult to give preference to one or another power unit. After all, each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Take, for example, UMP-421. This is a cheap low-torque motor with an oil seal on the camshaft. It has its drawbacks, for example, the lack of shells.
At the same time, the 410th is a more expensive option, but they also buy it much better. This is a sleeve motor with a gasket instead of an oil seal. Also, the 410th is slightly more expensive than the 421st. In general, motorists are more inclined towards the ZMZ engine. He, of course, has his own problems, but this is a more reliable ICE, which is quite cheap in both maintenance and repair. Therefore, if you have a choice between UMZ-421 and ZMZ-410, then feel free to give preference to the latter.
Basic faults and solutions
"Chronic diseases" 410th does not have. Nevertheless, with an increase in mileage, all sorts of unpleasant moments appear. Consider typical malfunctions and their causes:
- Knocking and noise during operation of the power unit. During the maintenance, they did not adjust the thermal clearances of the timing system valves ; defects in the connecting rod bushings or the camshaft are also possible.
- Increased engine vibration. It may be necessary to adjust the ignition or balance the crank mechanism. There are also defects in the ignition system.
- Overheating of the engine. Most often it happens due to a thermostat jammed in the closed position, an air plug in the cooling system or a malfunction of the water pump.
Typically, motorists are faced with precisely these problems, which often can be eliminated by minor repairs. In some cases, oil consumption increases. Most often this is due to the fact that the stuffing is flowing. Therefore, it is recommended to inspect it regularly, preferably with each change of lubricant in the engine system.
How to increase the power of the power unit
We have already reviewed with you the technical characteristics of the ZMZ-410 engine. As noted above, this motor has 98 horsepower. This is a pretty good indicator in those days of the production of such power units. But there is an opportunity to increase the number of “horses” to about 120. Moreover, this procedure does not require any significant alterations. All you need to do is a few simple steps. The first step is to increase carburetor diffusers up to 30 mm. Next, another camshaft is installed . You can use a part such as "OKB engine 35" or similar. At the final stage, a direct-flow exhaust is installed with the same pipe diameter along its entire length.
After such small alterations, approximately 20% of the additional power can be obtained. Carrying out such work is very advisable, because the cost of such tuning is not too high, and the result will be noticeable. You can go further and, by changing the height of the cylinder head, increase compression in the engine. Further tuning is impractical due to increased financial costs. It will be possible to install a compressor or a turbine only in the event of a transition from a carburetor to an injector, and this requires a large number of alterations.
Should I take such a motor?
As noted above, currently ZMZ-410 are not available. Nevertheless, for such equipment as UAZ, and installation on buses, this power unit fits perfectly. Of course, there are currently more economical and reliable engines. But their maintenance and maintenance cost an order of magnitude more expensive. That is why in the agricultural industry you can use ZMZ-410. It is unpretentious, consumes almost any fuel and rarely breaks. And if this happens, then it can be repaired in a clean field, although with certain knowledge.
Of course, there are also disadvantages, such as weak piston fingers. The fact is that the designers increased the pistons to 100 mm, and the fingers remained the same. Therefore, sometimes with increased loads, they break. In this case, even the destruction of the block is possible.
To summarize
The 410th model of the ZMZ engine is characterized by increased reliability, unpretentiousness and a fairly high resource. If the engine is serviced in time, it will cover 200,000 kilometers, and maybe even more. At the same time, it is possible to carry out major repairs of the power unit. This kind of recovery will cost no more than 10,000 rubles.
Of course, the operation of such motors in large cities is unacceptable. This power unit does not comply with environmental European standards. The absence of a catalytic converter leads to the fact that the environment is polluted with harmful exhaust gases. For this simple reason, the use of such equipment is permissible only outside of large cities. Often ZMZ-410 find their application in medium-capacity agricultural machinery. In some cases, this power unit is installed on buses and small trucks.