The severity of an industrial injury is defined by regulatory documents. A special commission is created, which includes a representative of the enterprise involved in the accident, as well as medical workers. Let us analyze the scheme for identifying the percentage of health loss currently used in the Russian Federation. We highlight the main points of such a process.
Action algorithm
The severity of an industrial injury is determined by the following scheme:
1. Subdivide all industrial accidents into two categories - light and heavy.
2. As qualifying signs of the severity of harm to health, use:
the nature of the damage and the complications associated with them, in addition, the exacerbation of chronic diseases due to injuries;
health effects of injuries acquired (permanent disability).
The presence of at least one of the qualifying characteristics listed above is a sufficient basis for establishing the category of work-related injury.
Health signs that threaten the life of the injured person are also considered signs. The result of medical care does not affect the assessment of the severity of harm.
Severe accidents
The order of the Ministry of Health No. 160 of February 24, 2005 ranks the following situations among them:
health damage, accompanied by coma, shock, severe blood loss (20%), acute renal, cardiac, respiratory, vascular insufficiency, embolism;
health injuries that at the initial examination were qualified by the doctors of the trauma center, hospital as: fracture of the facial bones or skull, penetrating wounds of the skull, intracranial injury, bruise of the brain, wounds of the spine, damage to the esophagus, dislocation of the cervical vertebrae.
The maximum severity of an industrial injury is also established in the following cases:
in case of fracture of one or several lumbar or thoracic vertebrae, including situations without disturbance of the activity of the spinal cord;
closed injuries of the cervical spinal cord;
damage to the chest that penetrates the pleural cavity, including cases without damage to important internal organs;
abdominal wounds that penetrate into the abdominal cavity;
bladder or bowel injuries;
open wounds of the pancreas, adrenal glands, and kidneys.
Complex cases also include ruptures of the abdominal cavity, diaphragm, ureter, and webbed element of the urethra.
When is a severe occupational injury severity established? With open fractures of the tubular bones of the femur and humerus, as well as with open injuries of the knee and hip joints.
Serious damage to health includes damage to the aorta, nerves, popliteal and femoral arteries.
Permanent or temporary disability is fixed with chemical (thermal) burns:
III-IV degree in the presence of a lesion area of more than 15% of the body;
III degree with a lesion area of more than 20% of the body surface;
II degree with a lesion site of more than 30% of the whole body;
radiation damage (from 12 GR).
What is important to know
Serious injuries are considered to be injuries that do not entail an immediate threat to the life of the victim, but have serious consequences:
loss by an organ of a function;
loss of speech, hearing, vision;
deprivation of reproductive function and the possibility of childbearing;
mental disorders;
disfigurement of the face.
Classification
The order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development identifies such damages that are not included in the list given earlier. Let us dwell on them separately. A mild severity of an industrial injury is established if there are no serious injuries to internal organs, or a threat to the life of the injured person.
According to the classification currently used in the Russian Federation, severe injuries of three degrees of severity are distinguished. The order includes the concept of “classification of industrial accidents”. There is a three-stage scheme containing a description of possible bodily harm and their relationship with the degrees of severity.
Algorithm for identifying the severity of work-related injuries
In many cases, a forensic examination establishes that the injury is 100% severe, when a person develops its serious consequences, chronic diseases occur. The scheme for determining the severity of an industrial injury is determined by a special algorithm.
The first stage is characterized by health damage, which was first accompanied by a serious loss of blood in the victim, shock, impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system, lungs, liver, kidneys, central nervous system.
The following are considered as classifying signs of the severity of an industrial accident:
the nature of the damage and the complications that are associated with them;
exacerbation of chronic diseases;
duration of a health disorder;
consequences of damage (loss of professional skills).
The second stage is related to the impossibility of the injured person to return to the performance of his duties after a course of treatment and rehabilitation.
Division according to situation
A certificate of the severity of an industrial injury is prepared taking into account the classification of accidents. In Art. 227 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation single out situations that are related to work: in production, concerning work.
These are the cases that occurred when: performing public and state duties, being sent to work (from work) by personal or public transport, participating in training and sports competitions, disability on business trips, and performing donor functions.
There are also domestic accidents that occur outside the work schedule, outside the enterprise, and not during the time the employee is sent to the place of service (when he is returned from work). Depending on the number of people who received injuries of varying severity, they distinguish:
How is the degree of disability established
An accident at work negatively affects the state of health and material well-being of a person. So, in the future he will not be able to fulfill his duties to the full, therefore, due to his professional unsuitability, he will be forced to resign from his post.
In the Russian Federation, there are special standards of examination, during the passage of which the victim determines the degree of disability, the ability to fulfill his duties in the future.
If, due to an accident, the most important functions of the body have been violated, doctors will establish the fact of disability.
The main criteria for such actions are the probability of a return to the fulfillment of labor duties, the ability to work again in a specific production area.
The medical commission, which includes several specialists, on the basis of the results of the analyzes, personal contact with the patient, makes a conclusion about the type of disability - temporary, permanent. Depending on this, a disability group is established, the issue of permission (prohibition) for a certain period of time for the injured person to carry out labor activities is decided.
To summarize
In case of temporary incapacity for work, the possibility of returning to one's workplace is implied after full health is restored. Such a situation is possible in the event of an accident that caused slight damage to the health of the injured person.
Permanent (permanent) loss of health is assumed in situations where the victim for various reasons will no longer be able to fulfill his professional duties. In such cases, the issue of recognizing him as a disabled person is resolved (when appointing a group, the severity of the damage, the possibility of recovery are taken into account), the person receives disability benefits from the organization that caused the accident, as well as the state disability pension.