The mantoux test is a test for tuberculin, which is carried out to prevent the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. This procedure is safe if you follow all the rules of drug administration, as well as the use of a quality injection. A test is done annually and the body's response to the stimulus is determined. If there is an individual intolerance and contraindications, a mantle allergy can become a response. This fact has been proven by many generations of parents, to understand what is the reason, this article will help.
Causes
An allergic reaction to a tuberculin test can be caused by various reasons, and in some cases they are not even related to vaccination. For example, an allergy to mantle may develop in a child, as he has never come into contact with someone who has tuberculosis. In this case, the children's immune system can react in a similar way.
The same reaction can occur if the child is allergic to a highly toxic substance such as phenol, which in small doses is part of the vaccine. In children with a strong immune system, phenol does not cause any external negative manifestations, but those who are prone to such reactions will definitely have an allergy. Therefore, the question of whether mantoux is possible with allergies is quite appropriate. This must be reported to the doctor before vaccination, and he will cancel the vaccine.
Also, you can not do it in the presence of infectious diseases, epilepsy, skin diseases. In some cases, parents mistakenly believe that the mantoux test caused an allergy, which could also appear on a food allergen. In any case, there is no need to rush to show the child to a TB doctor and treat him for tuberculosis. The causes of individual allergic reactions can only be determined by a family doctor.
Allergic reaction after vaccination
Already in the evening, an allergy may occur after mantle. If this happens, you need to remember whether the child has had infections recently, is he not prone to allergic reactions, is the place of vaccination properly taken care of, and so on. Perhaps there was simply improper care of the injection site, which caused a negative reaction. In any case, the child should be shown to a pediatrician, allergist or immunologist. They will also advise on the effects of other irritants.
If the doctor diagnoses a mantle allergy, he will prescribe other methods for determining tuberculosis. This can be either fluorography or sputum analysis. Mantoux is not the only way to find out about the presence of infection, it is only the fastest method for preventing disease.
Symptoms
It is important that the mantoux reaction (allergy) occurs suddenly. She is often confused with a cold, shortness of breath or prickly heat. An allergic reaction to vaccination shows the following symptoms:
- fever;
- rash on the skin;
- fatigue and loss of appetite;
- anaphylaxis.
In this case, the rash can be observed not only at the place where the injection was made. Blisters often occur in the inguinal region, under the knees, on the face, elbows and buttocks. The skin begins to itch, exfoliate, and becomes dry. Almost always, an allergy manifests itself in the form of a hyperergic immune response, which is expressed in an increase in the diameter of the papule, severe hyperemia, swollen lymph nodes, the appearance of edema, itching and pain.
In some cases, with individual intolerance to tuberculin, angioedema occurs, while it is difficult for the child to breathe, his neck, face and lips swell, white or crimson blisters appear on the body. In this case, immediately call a doctor. Thus, mantle allergy symptoms often manifest the same as those observed with colds. It is important not to self-medicate here, it is necessary to consult specialists.
To do this, it is recommended to call a doctor at home, who can prescribe antihistamines, indicate what to look for in the future. In the future, parents should always warn the doctor about the appearance of an allergic reaction during vaccination. It must be remembered that all the above symptoms may not coincide with those that appeared in the child, since each child's body is individual and reacts to stimuli in its own way.
Treatment
Mantle allergy, like any other, is not treated. It is recommended that the child be given antihistamines, for example, Zodak or Zirtek, three days before the proposed vaccination. Their use will facilitate the reaction to a tuberculin test. In this case, it is necessary to tell the doctor which drugs the child took. If an allergic reaction occurs for the first time, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of a specialist.
First of all, it is necessary to exclude the effect on the body of a non-allergen. For example, a headache may occur due to watching TV. You can give your child half a tablet of Diazolin, which will relieve allergies, including on the skin. If there is difficulty in breathing, you must immediately call an ambulance. Sometimes an allergy indicates tuberculosis infection, therefore, you need to consult a doctor who will prescribe the appropriate therapy.
Contraindications
You can not make a vaccine in the presence of skin diseases, chronic infections, acute somatic ailments, with bronchial asthma, epilepsy, rheumatism. It is not recommended to conduct a mantle test on the same day as other vaccinations, the gap should be one or a half months. You can not do vaccination in teams where there is a quarantine for infections, it is carried out one month after the disappearance of symptoms.
Prevention
If there is an assumption that the child is allergic to manti, prevention is carried out at home. To do this, first of all, strengthen the children's immune system. After all, it is known that the stronger the immune system, the easier the vaccination is tolerated. Consultations of experts such as an allergist, pediatrician, immunologist regarding the need for a test annually are recommended. The best prevention is to exclude the ingress of irritants into the body. In this case, tuberculin acts as an irritant.
You can check in other ways, making fluorography or having passed sputum for analysis. If parents know if there is an allergy to manta, they should also know that it is stopped by antihistamines. In any case, the parents themselves decide whether to write them a refusal in the clinic for vaccination. But it is recommended to be checked periodically.
Side effects and complications
Pediatricians and allergists do not recognize the occurrence of side effects after vaccination, although they often occur in the form of skin problems, constipation, and behavioral disorders. Often, a side effect manifests itself in the form of a headache and dizziness, an increase in temperature up to forty degrees, fever, rashes on the skin, swelling, asthma attacks, itching at the injection site. Often there are massive complications on the mantle test.
For example, sometimes after vaccination, children end up in the hospital with the same symptoms. In some children, allergic reactions can manifest as lymphadenitis or micronecrosis, lymphangitis. In some cases, side effects may be affected by the quality of the vaccine, its transportation and storage. Therefore, you need to consult a doctor in a timely manner to avoid complications after vaccination. It must be remembered that a tuberculin test should only be performed under conditions of complete sterility, with strict adherence to all rules and conditions.
Summary
Thus, a tuberculin test is not a vaccine against diseases, but a method for detecting tuberculosis infection in the body. Currently, this vaccination can be replaced by other methods of testing for tuberculosis. This may be a sputum analysis, fluorography, and more. It must be remembered that tuberculin is an allergen, so there will be reactions to it anyway. Sometimes they appear weakly and almost imperceptibly, and in other cases a strong reaction is possible, which can harm the health of the child. Therefore, specialist advice will be appropriate in any case.