Ural motorcycles have been popular for 70 years. Good care and tuning of the Ural motorcycle will ensure its long life. There are entire clubs and online resources dedicated to the modernization of Soviet and Russian models. For seven decades, the units have experienced thousands of alterations and upgrades.
How it all started
Motorcycles began to be manufactured in Russia, or rather, in the USSR, at the end of the 1920s. Models "IL" and "PMZ", designed by designer Mozharov, had a heavy stamped frame and a huge engine of 1200 cubic meters, giving, however, only 24 liters. from. At the same time, at 60 km / h the manageability disappeared.
Then, according to one version, third-party developments were used. In pre-war Germany, several BMW R-71 motorcycle models and drawings were purchased. According to the second version, motorcycles overtook from Sweden. Having disassembled and modified German cars under Soviet realities, the machines began to be produced at the Moscow and Gorky plants. During the war, production was evacuated to Irbit, in the Sverdlovsk region.
Be that as it may, the German R-71 became the progenitor of the serial M-72. The Soviet counterpart was not a complete copy of BMW: instead of a single-disk clutch, a double-disk clutch was installed, the tank volume became larger, the gear ratio was increased, which made it possible to more effectively overcome the obstacles that are still encountered in our country. We can say that this was the first tuning of the Urals. At that time, it was not even the Urals, but the Irbit. Only with the M-62 model motorcycles acquired their permanent name.
History of success
The Second World War made it clear that motorcycle units have undeniable advantages in military affairs. Mobile wheelchairs could quickly move up to 3 soldiers and a machine gun, perform third-party tasks. For this purpose, the M-72, produced from the 40th year, was perfectly suitable.
After the war, the plant received orders for the production of military models, supplemented by a cradle with a 7.62-caliber PKMB machine gun or with anti-tank systems instead. There were also produced motorcycles for patrolling IMZ-8.1233 Solo-DPS, highway, rally, tourist (IMZ-8.103-40 "Tourist").
Ural position now
Before the notorious events of the early nineties, about three million devices were released. After the collapse of the Union, the situation of the plant shook. The purchasing power of the population fell sharply, factories in the country were closed and sold. Fortunately, an unenviable fate passed the Urals. Production continued. These were mainly motorcycles with a sidecar (with or without a drive), with a 4-stroke opposed two-cylinder engine with a capacity of 745 cubes and a capacity of 40 horses, plus 4 gears and a reverse gear.
Since the mid-90s in the construction of the Ural motorcycle, almost all parts have been improved or replaced with new ones. In honor of the 70th anniversary of the Irbit factory, modernized models were produced, one of the best is the Ural motorcycle in tuning the M70 Sidecar.
The sale of models produced already in Russia, and not in the USSR, is aimed at foreign countries. 97% of all plant models are sold in the USA, Europe, Canada, Australia. Asia is considered one of the promising markets: Japan and Korea. In these countries, there simply are no competitors in the niche of motorcycles with a sidecar, but there is demand. China, as a sales market, has been producing the M-72 replica since the 1950s under the guise of a BMW copy.
Ural - Soviet Harley
This is the only two-wheeled vehicle of domestic production worthy of being considered a replacement for Harley. Of course, this is said loudly, but tuning on a Ural motorcycle is presented in such a wide range that you wonder. A true Ural fan, before buying a brand new device for 300,000 rubles, goes a hard way. It starts with a model released before 94. As a rule, this is a repainted unit, with a cradle cut out. Talking about proper tuning is not necessary. For the countryside, no more
Experienced masters take on a more difficult job. Soundly digest the frame, put a Japanese fork, change the landing, polish and paint the engine, attach new wings and an enlarged tank, even make tuning the stroller of the Ural motorcycle - all this requires experience.
Types of tuning
Such manipulations are usually performed in garage conditions. Tuning a motorcycle "Ural", made with your own hands, is divided into internal and external. In the first case, we are talking about working on the engine, forcing, manipulating the carburetor, fuel supply, exhaust system, suspension.
External, respectively, works on the perception of the apparatus by others. This is painting, polishing, and adding / changing parts, devices, optics, wings, fairings. You can simply put wheels of a larger radius, for example, from Moskvich. But this will entail the recalculation of the load on the axle, hub and brakes.
Engine
Ideally, you should start tuning the Ural motorcycle engine. This is the main part of the car. He defines the modernization of the frame, and suspension, and landing.
The engine can be forced. But! Firstly, only a highly qualified specialist with machines can carry out work on changing the design of the engine.
Secondly, the experience of boosting the engines of the M-63, M-66, 67 and M-63K models showed that this leads to an increase in the maximum torque in the high-speed zone. The characteristics of the resulting unit will be optimal for rally racing.
Thirdly, tuning the Ural motorcycle is performed on a new engine or on an engine after major repairs.
Fourthly, for forcing it is necessary to increase the compression ratio to 8.5, which entails replacing the pistons with Dnieper pistons and their specific bore. You should also increase the octane number of gasoline from 93 and above.
Ignition
Following an increase in power and replacement of the pistons, replacement of the spark plugs is desirable. For “Ural” candles A20 DV and A17 DV from “Zhiguli” are suitable. Some craftsmen install an additional candle. This increases engine power at high speeds, reduces fuel consumption and can become a replacement for boost. But it will be necessary to work on the development of an independent sparking system. At the same time, the air filter changes, which reduces friction losses at the inlet.
If the engine is old, then it is advisable to replace the carburetor and put the injector. This can be done with your own hands, or with some help. Tuning a motorcycle "Ural" can be done using injection parts from VAZ "dozens"
At the same time, a new starter is installed. For IM3 starters from Vikhr boat engines ST 353, ST 367, ST 369.
Cooling
With increasing engine power, the pistons will need additional heat dissipation. The problem is solved by installing "extra" air intakes. They are made from any sufficiently strong material, even from paint cans. It is important here to fix the intakes well, but not strictly along the axis of the cylinders, but to arrange them so as not to limit the possibility of replacing candles in case.
Pendulum, timing and silencers
If the hands reached the engine, then another modification that is part of the tuning of the Ural motorcycle, which is done with one's own hands, is easier the flywheel. The problem is solved by the existing bore. As a result, the mass of the motorcycle and the speed of set speed are reduced. Balancing the “new” flywheel is not required if everything is done correctly.
Frame
The frame is easy to digest, as the material is low carbon steel. For tuning, pipes are cut, new ones are welded. Perhaps lengthening under a new steering wheel. Rear shock absorbers are mounted for a softer fit. They are mounted under the wheels.
An enlarged tank is placed on the new frame. To do this, the glove box is removed and the "excess" metal is cut out.
And already at the end of all work with the engine, frame and tank, you can begin to install seats, fenders, headlights, brake lights and more. This is the tuning of the Ural motorcycle.