The system of law enforcement agencies in any country in the world includes in its structure a large number of departments, each of which performs a certain list of certain functions. The task of carrying out operational investigative work with the aim of identifying foreign spies (counterintelligence) lies with some, others must deal with the disclosure of criminal crimes, and others carry out the functions of protecting officials. Oddly enough, but in almost every state there are special security agencies that operate on a par with private security firms or military companies. The creation of such bodies is connected with the need to ensure the protection of the highest ranks of the state, important political figures, diplomats, etc. Entrusting such an important task to a private organization is simply silly, because it does not give guarantees about the actions of its subordinates. In addition, their qualifications are also in great doubt. Thus, government departments are created, on which the whole protection function rests. In this article we will talk about a similar agency in the system of law enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation, which is called the Federal Guard Service.
General Information about the FSO
The Federal Security Service of Russia is a federal security service, which is a special service and is involved in the protection of senior government officials and leaders of the country, as well as providing safe and secure communications. This agency is part of the services that ensure the security of the country. This means that the Federal Security Service of Russia is empowered to conduct operational-search activities, along with the FSB, GFS, SVR, etc. Citizens of the Russian Federation are recruited to serve in this structure from the FSO security agencies, as well as contract servicemen. It should be noted competently created and effective organizational structure of the FSO. Deciphering the abbreviation of the service makes it clear what functions are assigned to the structure, but many people are not aware of certain powers. Before moving on to examining the functions of an organ, you need to study its rich history in detail.
Security bodies in the tsarist period
The history of state protection dates back to the XVII century. The founder of the structure, which would protect only the king, was Artamanov Matvey. This man for the first time in history proposed to allocate a certain number of people from the archery regiments to protect the king. However, such units were not professional. By and large, they were created from the ordinary military. Such an organization showed its insecurity during the Decembrist uprising in 1825, when many "tsarist guards" crossed over to the side of the rebels. The first state security agency in Russian history appeared only in 1881. Its structure included many divisions, each of which performed its own functions.
9th KGB Division
With the fall of the autocracy, the need to ensure the security of senior government officials has not disappeared. This question has become quite acute in Soviet times. It was necessary to ensure the protection of absolutely the entire communist elite, on which the totalitarian apparatus rested.
The task of such importance could be entrusted "into the hands" of only one organ of the USSR - the KGB. The 9th Directorate of this law enforcement agency is considered the progenitor
FSO of Russia.
The department was involved in the protection of the top leaders of the government and the Communist Party. The selection of officers was quite serious. Physically prepared, highly intelligent men who had military training were hired. Almost the entire party and political elite was provided by professional security guards of the 9th KGB Directorate.
Managers guarded by the 9th Directorate
Among the "clients" of this department were such prominent politicians as Mikhail Sergeyevich Solomentsev (head of the Party Control Committee), Anatoly Lukyanov (chairman of the USSR Supreme Council in 1991), Boris Karlovich Pugo, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev and others.
In 1991, the administration was removed from the KGB, and in 1996 the FSO was created, the decoding of which is: Federal Security Service.
Principles of work and regulatory framework
The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation is a federal body that provides security for certain objects of state protection on the basis of legal, operational-search, security, organizational and other measures. The legal basis of the structure is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, other regulatory legal acts regulating the range of issues in the field of the structure.
An important role is played by international treaties, which are also part of the legal basis for the activities of the Federal Security Service. There are a number of internal instructions governing the operation of the FSO. In the process, this agency adheres to the principles, namely:
- respect and observance of the fundamental rights and freedoms of a citizen and a person;
- legality of action;
- interaction with other bodies in order to ensure safety;
- a combination in the process of work of vowels and unspoken methods;
- supervision and accountability.
From all of the above it follows that the activities of the FSO are purely democratic and transparent, although the level of secrecy within the structure is quite large.
The main tasks performed by the FSO
The body is led by the president of the Russian Federation. The main tasks of the body include the following:
1) Ensuring security of the objects of protection in the place of their constant and immediate residence, as well as in the process of their movement.
2) Identification, forecasting of the threat that may arise for objects of protection, as well as the implementation of all necessary measures to eliminate it.
3) Suppression of any attacks on the object of protection.
4) The suppression and prevention of crimes and other offenses at the objects of protection or in the area of their stay.
5) Permanent protection of objects of protection.
6) All possible assistance in the fight against terrorism.
7) Securing communications.
8) Countering information intelligence and providing secret state communications.
9) Ensuring the personal safety of employees and the FSO leadership.
Academy of Federal Security Service of Russia
New cadres for federal protection are being trained and trained. Service in the FSO is available to every physically developed adult young person who has military training or higher education. Most of the staff comes from a higher education institution that prepares specialists for the Federal Service. The FSO Academy was founded in 1966. Over the years of its existence, this educational institution has changed its name many times, however, its functions have remained unchanged. The FSO Academy is part of the bodies providing state protection. It provides higher professional education, which provides for military service. Duration of training can vary from 5 to 6 years, depending on the specialty. The Academy provides education in the following specialties:
- radio communication;
- Information Security;
- multichannel telecommunication systems;
- communication systems, networks;
- legal security support (law faculty).
After graduation, cadets must pass 5 years of service, while they are assigned the military rank of lieutenant. Thus, the FSO Academy is a higher educational institution that prepares specialists for the Federal Guard Service in the Russian Federation. Today it is one of the most prestigious institutions in the Russian Federation.
Presidential Security Service
The physical security unit of the president is special in the FSO system.
Decryption of his activities is impossible, because information about his work is classified as a
state secret. Today it is one of the most elite units of the Russian Federation. Its employees provide physical security for the President of the Russian Federation, as well as carry out special work to prevent and prevent an assassination attempt on the president.
Conclusion
So, we got acquainted with the history, functions and main tasks of the FSO. Decryption of all data on the work of this service is impossible, because its activities are classified. Nevertheless, the article contains all the regulatory documents according to which the Federal Service performs its functions. Given the secrecy of anyone can ask or in person at the FSO of Russia. Address services in the capital can be found in the directory, although it is known to everyone: Russia, the city of Moscow, the Kremlin.