Safety and labor protection is a system of requirements and measures aimed at protecting the health and life of employees. It includes rehabilitation, treatment and prevention, legal, organizational, technical, socio-economic measures. One of the integral components of the system of measures is the instruction of workers on labor protection. Let us consider in more detail what it includes.
Safety and Health: General Concept
In the legal literature, this system is considered from the following positions:
- As the main principle of labor relations.
- As a set of legislative acts regulating and preventive technical, socio-economic, therapeutic, organizational, sanitary and hygienic methods and means that are aimed at ensuring safety at the workplace.
System components
Safety is a set of provisions and requirements that aims to ensure optimal working conditions. It also includes activities that contribute to the elimination of factors that adversely affect the health of employees. The purpose of TB are:
- Security.
- Health protection.
- Keeping injuries at work to a minimum.
- Formation of a system of technical and organizational measures aimed at reducing or eliminating the negative impact of harmful factors during professional activities at the enterprise.
Occupational Safety Training Programs
Familiarization of employees with the standards is carried out, as a rule, during the receipt of special or professional education. There are also special editions that describe labor safety training. A sample of requirements for a particular profession in enterprises is also posted on special stands as a visual agitation. Events to familiarize employees with the rules are classified in accordance with the time of implementation and the nature of the information. The frequency of labor protection briefings depends on the specialization of the enterprise, the frequency of staff changes or replenishment, and other factors. Familiarization may be:
- Introductory.
- Primary directly at the place of work.
- Repeated.
- Unscheduled.
- Trust.
Event Description
Today, the state pays great attention to ensuring proper production conditions at enterprises. In this regard, various briefings at the workplace on labor protection are provided. The legislation provides for the personal responsibility of the head of the enterprise for the formation of an appropriate working environment. Therefore, conducting briefings is one of the direct duties of the employer. Any familiarization of employees with the requirements acts as a form of training.
The legislation prescribes a specific procedure for briefing on labor protection. Such activities should be systematic. All employees must be instructed at the workplace on labor protection throughout the entire time of their professional activity at the enterprise, both individually and collectively. At the same time, familiarization and training should be in any production, regardless of the specifics of its activities. In large industries, on-the-job training on labor protection may be entrusted to a specially trained official. The head of the enterprise, appointing such an employee, signs the relevant order.
Who should be trained?
Instructions at the workplace on labor protection, as mentioned above, are provided for all employees of the enterprise. These include, among others, the leaders themselves. In this case, special attention must be paid to employees with a short (less than a year) experience. As practice shows, it is this category of employees of the enterprise that is the most vulnerable and is most often exposed to industrial injuries. Due to insufficient experience, novice employees ignore a number of requirements. In many cases, this leads to very negative consequences. At the same time, employees with a fairly large experience are also susceptible to industrial injuries. In most cases, this is due to their neglect of the rules.
Important point
The head of the enterprise is obliged to conduct an internal investigation in each case relating to industrial injuries. During this event, the causes of the incident should be identified, responsible persons identified. Upon the fact of the incident, an appropriate order is issued. The order of the head should be worked out with all employees. This procedure also acts as one of the training forms.
The method of briefing is established by the responsible person. As a rule, the form of the event is a lecture, interview or explanation. In a special journal, the fact of the training should be recorded. The responsible officer also monitors the implementation of the safety rules at the enterprise.
Introductory training
Such briefing is provided for employees at the time of their employment. Training in this form is also carried out for those who are on a business trip or have arrived to undergo practical training. Introductory briefing is carried out by a specialist (engineer) in occupational health and safety or by a person who is entrusted with these duties by order of the head.
During the training it is recommended to use technical means and visual aids. The briefing should cover all issues that relate to the characteristics of production in terms of safety and labor protection. Upon completion of training, the person responsible for it must make sure that the employee knows the main features of the enterprise, the sources of probable accidents, and the rules of conduct during an emergency. Employees who have been instructed should also be familiar with the warning signs and inscriptions, the warning systems that the company is equipped with, and the procedure for using extinguishing media.
Primary events
Conducting such briefings is assigned to direct managers of certain production activities. Employees are trained:
- Newly Accepted by the Enterprise.
- Transferred from other units.
- Coming to a new kind of activity.
- Temporary.
- Business travelers.
- Passing practical classes in the framework of training (pupils, students).
Familiarization with the rules are also builders who are temporarily employed at the enterprise. In the primary education program, it is necessary to include questions that are present in the labor protection and safety instructions for this position (specialty), as well as in other regulatory enactments on occupational health and safety . At the end of the training, the responsible person checks the knowledge of the employee regarding the features of his activities, the rules for the performance of official duties. Monitoring can be done through a survey.
Retraining
Such briefing includes coverage of the technological features of activities associated with increased danger. Employees directly involved in this area undergo training once a quarter, the rest once every six months. Repeated briefings can be carried out collectively or individually with employees of the same specialty. The purpose of these events is to improve the knowledge of employees on safety and health. In addition, repeated briefing is carried out to prevent violations of requirements that were committed earlier, to strengthen production discipline.
Training should relate to technological aspects, specific job responsibilities, radiation, fire, nuclear, chemical safety, if the production process is associated with these processes. During the second briefing, situations are examined in which there has been a violation of production discipline, non-compliance with the norms and requirements of TB, the causes of such cases are identified and considered. At the end of the training, the person in charge must ensure that the staff is well aware of the rules.
Extraordinary events
Their implementation is entrusted to direct managers of production processes. Unscheduled briefing is provided in cases:
- Changes in technological processes or when replacing equipment.
- Introduction of revised or new regulatory documentation.
- Violations of the rules of OT.
- The receipt of claims about this from the regulatory and regulatory authorities.
- The company has been interrupted for more than a month for hazardous industries and for more than 60 days for other types of work.
Unscheduled events are carried out similarly to repeated ones. However, in this case, special attention should be paid to the reason why they are held. Unscheduled events do not exclude repeated ones.
Target familiarization
Such briefings are carried out if:
- Activities are carried out by special order or along.
- One-time work is performed that is not related to the official duties of the employee.
- Disaster response or disaster relief is ongoing.
- Employees are involved in any unplanned activities.
Targeted briefing is carried out by a person determined by order of the head as responsible for it.
Paperwork
Any briefing should be recorded in the appropriate journal. After an introductory, initial, repeated, unscheduled training, employees sign in the corresponding book. Conducting targeted instruction is recorded in work permits and other documents by order of the management.