The organization of fire safety is recommended to start with a study of the regulatory framework of the Russian Federation. This includes RF Government Resolution No. 390, Technical Regulation No. 123, and fire safety standards. One of the main events that is mandatory for organizations of all forms of ownership and with any number of employees is fire training. Also, instructions for evacuating people from a burning building should be developed and approved in each company.
Organization of fire training
In activities that ensure the safety of employees, training related to actions in case of fire and fire detection is necessarily included. The goal is to develop the ability of the staff to identify the event from the point of view of danger, to make sure that fire warning systems are ready, to teach the staff the rules for eliminating combustion, and to provide assistance to victims.
The results of the training allow you to plan further activities for training people and adjusting the fire warning system .
At the beginning of this year, the company’s management develops a schedule indicating the terms, this document is strictly confidential and not subject to disclosure. Preliminarily, engineering and technical workers are required to conduct an audit of the serviceability of the doors of the evacuation exits, make sure that the warning and evacuation management system is in good condition, the evacuation routes are cleared of foreign objects, and instruct employees to explain the evacuation rules and actions when signs of burning are detected.
What documents should be developed for training?
- Order on the appointment of the person responsible for organizing and conducting the exercises.
- Training schedule.
- The order of training.
- Instructions for the evacuation of people.
- The logbook of fire safety briefings.
- Reports on the analysis of training results.
Workout order
Responsible persons on the appointed day and time from the checkpoint manually start the warning system. An imitation of fire is preliminarily created with the help of red flags (model burning center), smoke bombs (simulating the smoke of rooms). It is forbidden to simulate burning with the help of tools and materials that can provoke emergency situations.
The evacuation of people in case of a fire (simulated) should take no more than 3-4 minutes - this is the time the local fire goes to the stage of a volumetric fire, during which there are no harmful and dangerous factors of the fire (toxic products of combustion released into the air, air temperature rises to 400 degrees Celsius) , a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the air from the normative 23% to 16%). At the same time, part of the staff must take measures to extinguish the simulated flame (take fire extinguishers, water), and also make a call to the fire department.
At the design and construction stage of any buildings and structures, the location of evacuation routes, walkways and exits is calculated, storage locations for primary fire extinguishing means (fire extinguishers, sand, fire hydrants) are determined. To comprehensively reflect this information, he is developing a plan for evacuating people from each unit of the organization.
About evacuation plans
The evacuation scheme is the most effective way to teach an employee to navigate in the event of a fire, to adjust their actions to eliminate burning or rescue. According to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 390, all organizations in the buildings and structures of which are simultaneously 10 people or more are obliged to place evacuation plans.
The evacuation plan should be located in prominent places (near the main exits and passages). It is developed by specialized organizations licensed for this type of work, as well as the necessary materials (in particular, photoluminescent film, devices for rolling it onto a plastic base). Specialists of such companies know what a text instruction for evacuating people should look like on a plan.
On the scheme itself, it is important to reflect all the structural features of the building, indicate the shortest escape routes from the burning building and the location of fire extinguishing equipment, first-aid kits, emergency call telephones, and decipher all symbols and abbreviations, colors and signs.
The instructions for evacuating people approved at the enterprise should duplicate information from the plan, but in text format.