Where should fire safety doors open? To solve this issue, you first need to study the definitions of the right and left doors. In Russia, modifications that have a handle on the right side are considered to be “left”, models with a handle located on the left are “right”. For example, in Europe the picture looks the other way around. Universal loops can be used to avoid confusion. Better yet, show the floor plan of your premises to the consultants in the store by indicating the position for the door. They will help determine the vector of its expansion and the choice of loops.
Consistency with neighbors
This is an urgent issue for residents of houses with a large number of apartments. Where should the doors of their home for fire safety in such buildings open? SNiP requires opening them to the outside. However, this must be agreed with the neighbors from the nearest apartment.
And if you perform the installation contrary to the standards, you can get significant fines. In more serious cases, litigation will follow. In order not to create obstacles for the evacuation of neighbors, your door should open so that at least 80 cm of space is left for their passage.
Additional nuances
If you have already installed the door, and the neighbors constantly complain and scare the court, you can do without a cardinal reform - replacing the door. For this, a special limiter is used, which controls the amplitude of its movement. As a result, the neighbors are not discomforted.
Also, the change of the door opening vector does not need to be coordinated in the BTI, since these are not measures of redevelopment or reconstruction.
In many houses, a vestibule forms between several apartments. In this situation, the front door should swing open to the inside, and the vestibule structure - to the outside.
The situation with administrative buildings
Where should the fire safety door open here? If the product frees up space in the corridor, in which many people can be, the direction “towards oneself” is correct. This will avoid traumatic situations. In other cases, the system should open only to the outside.
Entrances to the entrances of high-rise buildings
As a rule, they look like this:
And where should the fire safety doors open in houses of this type according to the laws? To date, when parsing this issue, the following acts are of great importance:
- Order of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation No. 171, published on March 25, 2009.
- SNiP 21-01-97.
The second of them requires that the use of the door does not interfere with the evacuation of residents. Designs for this should open in the appropriate direction (evacuation from the building).
Also in SNiP there is clause 6.16. It indicates the required width of exits for evacuation - at least 80 cm. This also applies to high-rise buildings, and block single-family buildings. They belong to the categories 1.3. and f 1.4, respectively.
The designated exits according to clause 6.9 of SNiP are the apartment or house entrance door. And all the standards affect them. And if necessary, you still need to get to these sites.
And where the fire safety doors should open in the interior, the rules are not reflected.
The situation with a private house
The owners of such buildings are not limited in the installation and replacement of doors. They do not need to coordinate these issues with any authorities.
The question “Where should the fire safety doors in a private house open?” for them it is decided in free order. Designs can swing open both in the external, and in the internal side, both to the left, and to the right.
However, there are some recommendations regarding front doors. Observing them, ensure the practical operation of these structures:
- When the entrance leaf moves inward, there is no room for mounting a second door, which could enhance the thermal insulation of the house.
- If the door goes out, then you should not make a large threshold under it.
Office structures
The requirements for exit routes here meet the criteria for similar structures in administrative buildings.
As for the internal space, where the fire safety doors should open in the office, the following requirements read:
- If more than 11 people work on one square, then the doors must open wide in the corridor room. If it is very narrow, an internal opening mechanism can be installed.
- Canvases between rooms should go to a blank wall in relation to the neighboring room.
It is possible to divide the office space with partitions and swing structures. But cabinets should have classic models.
Interior apartment doors
There are no standards for their location and the plowing vector. And where the fire safety doors in the apartment should open, each owner decides independently, but taking into account the following recommendations:
- Installation of interior swing structures occurs according to the principle: from a smaller room to a larger one.
- Doors open to the next room so that visually frees up space to view the entire area.
- From a small room, the canvas opens only outward. So, space is saved on a small area.
- Because of the sash, part of the room should not be blocked. Therefore, the canvas is directed to the nearest wall surface.
- In pantries and wardrobes, you need to arrange blocks with movement to the outside. After all, these premises already have a very modest area.
- The door from the kitchen opens to the corridor.
- In bathrooms, the doors must be equipped with units with external swing open. For example, if a person there loses consciousness, he can block his exit by himself, and it will be difficult to evacuate.
- In the children's rooms, constructions opening to the inside are arranged. Indeed, for example, if a child inadvertently closes himself, it will be extremely difficult to break the canvas with the plowing open.
The situation with hotels
In each such institution, the necessary alarms and indicators, smoke removal technologies, rescue and communication equipment, etc. are arranged. As for where the fire safety doors should open in the hotel, here you need to be based on the requirements for the category of such a building - F 1.2 .
Follow the design should exit. As for the doors of the rooms, much depends on the size of the corridor. If it is narrow, then the movement is inward. Although there are no standardized provisions on this item. And hotel owners solve this dilemma at their discretion.
Other criteria regarding hotel doors are:
- Minimum fire resistance - half an hour.
- The smallest parameters of the entrance complex: 120 x 190 cm. If the building provides for less than 50 guests, then - 80 x 190 cm.
- Doors leading to a common corridor are equipped with devices for automatic closing.
- The movement of the input blocks from the inside should be free and without the use of a key.
The situation with the hostel
In such buildings, fires occur quite often. The most common causes are wiring problems and careless use of electrical appliances.
The list of rules for safe living here is quite extensive. It also raises the question of where the doors for fire safety in the hostel should open:
- front door - in the external direction;
- canvases of rooms - inside.
There should also be an emergency exit in case of emergency. His door should go out.
In a similar structure, the following prohibitions apply:
- Creation of thresholds at the emergency exit.
- Installation of sliding and lifting and lowering mechanisms if they cannot be opened or locked manually.
- The presence of revolving doors and turnstiles complicating the evacuation in the absence of siding.
- Blocking rescue exits.
- Fixation in the open state of self-closing mechanisms in the vestibules, stairwells and corridors.
- Change the door motion vector.
Kindergartens and similar institutions
Their hazard category is F 1.1. Fireproof doors are placed here:
- at the exits to the attic and to the roof;
- in basements and socles.
As the SNiP states, if more than 10 people are simultaneously present in the premises, at least two emergency exits should be arranged in it. Their normative minimum parameters are 120 x 190 cm (for each).
Doors with fire resistance of 30 minutes are mounted in:
- Storerooms with flammable materials.
- In rooms where large volumes of linen are stored.
- Ventilation sectors.
- Switchboard cameras.
Models with a parameter of 15 minutes are placed in the openings that separate the corridors from the stairwells. One-floor constructions are optimal here.
Doors leading to groups are surely sealed in the narthex.
The optimal design is equipped with:
- Two steel sheets with a bent section.
- Box with a metal density of 1.5 mm.
- Basalt slab.
- Seal against smoke.
- Tape expanding under thermal stress.
- Dorlock type lock treated with special components so as not to deform and not break under the influence of powerful temperatures.
- Technology "Anti-panic."
- Closer.
The question of where the fire safety doors in kindergarten should open is unequivocal - only to the outside. At the entrances to the attic and to the basement - inside. In groups, their movement is not regulated in any way. In the bedrooms, coupe models are allowed.