The grammar of the Russian language includes three sections: word formation, morphology and syntax. Today we will consider one of them, namely morphology.
The word "morphology" came from the ancient Greek language, in literal translation it means the science of form, the doctrine of form, that is, the study of the construction of word forms. In a regular school curriculum, morphology is studied quite superficially, and teachers do not focus much on this area of linguistics. The article was written specifically for those who want to study in more depth what morphology and morphological analysis of the word is, or simply increase their cultural level and learn a lot of interesting things.
Let's start with the story. What is morphology, they knew back in the ancient Indian grammatical tradition. Then people already understood such concepts as “part of speech”, “declination” or “conjugation”. But the very word "morphology" (and with it science) arose only at the end of the nineteenth century thanks to the German poet, statesman and thinker Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, who described
animate and inanimate nature with "forms". Later, German linguists decided to borrow this "idea of classification" and describe the language in the same way. This is how the terms "morphology", "morpheme" and
"morphological analysis of the word" arose.
Morphology can be considered as a necessary, but at the same time non-universal and contradictory discipline, since it studies the structure of a grammar unit - words, or rather word forms, which, in turn, do not exist in all languages. And therefore, not everyone knows what morphology is, and not every language needs this science.
Word forms are very firmly and rigidly interconnected, this distinguishes morphology from other sections of grammar. It very accurately describes the origin, composition, structure of the word.
Now more about the morphological analysis. Today we consider only the
morphological analysis of the noun and
adjective. To parse the name of the essential, you only need to observe a simple scheme:
- Indicate the initial form.
- Define character, common name or proper name.
- Indicate animation or inanimate.
- Indicate gender.
- Indicate declension.
- Indicate a number.
- Indicate case.
- Define the syntactic role of a noun in a sentence.
To parse the name of the adjective, a similar scheme works:
- Define the initial form.
- Indicate discharge.
- Indicate the form (full / short).
- Indicate the degree of comparison.
- Indicate gender.
- Indicate a number.
- Indicate case.
- Define the syntactic role of the adjective in the sentence.
Now you know what morphology and morphological analysis of the word is. In fact, every self-respecting person needs to know the meanings of these elementary concepts. It would seem that it is simpler: modern Russian, morphology, word formation, syntax, grammar, phonetics and so on. This knowledge characterizes you as an educated and erudite person, and such qualities have always been highly appreciated, appreciated and will be appreciated in our society. Therefore, learn your native language and always try to learn something new and interesting!