Sound analysis of words in Russian: scheme

Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he faces a problem when words are spoken differently than they are spelled. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school program, we will consider in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, naturally, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then it gradually grew into the words that formed this or that language. But soon there was a need to fix everything that is pronounced. So there was a written speech.

In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. She examines the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our spoken language is the presence of vowels. They are so named based on their main function - to transmit continuous sound in voice. In Russian there are six of them: A, O, U, S, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always coincide with the number of sounds. For example, in the word “south” there are 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: “yuk”. An alphanumeric analysis of a word should show that spoken language is different from how we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts the word is divided:

• pal-ka - there are 2 syllables, since it has two vowels;
• som - 1 syllable, since the vowel is one.

In addition, you need to know the features of such letters as e, e, u, i. They, unlike everyone else, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:

• (th + o);
• E (th + e);
• Yu (th + y);
• I (th + a).

This phenomenon is observed in those cases when the listed sounds are used:

• after soft or hard signs ( pouring, golden );
• after the vowel ( large, sash );
• at the beginning of the word ( Yula, Spruce ).

Very often, performing sound analysis of a word (the scheme is given below), children make mistakes precisely in the analysis of these vowels.

Yet the other characteristics possessed by vowels are quite simple. Especially those studied by the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: stress or shocklessness.

Consonants

Before performing sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are many more than vowels. Russian language numbers thirty-seven.

Consonants have various characteristics:

• Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be made without softening: the sea ( m - hard). Others, on the contrary: measure ( m - soft).
• Soundiness or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your hand to the larynx and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
• Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually by voicing-deafness. For example: in (sound) - f (deaf), s (sound) - s (deaf).
• Some consonants are pronounced as if "in the nose." They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now you can compose an algorithm by which the sound analysis of the word is performed. The scheme is simple:

1. First, divide the word into syllables.
2. Next, we paint the letters of which it consists in a column.
3. Now for each we select the appropriate sound.
4. We characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
5. Count the number of sounds and letters.
6. If their number does not coincide, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

We give an example. Take the word "ceiling":

1. There are three syllables in this word: one-lock (3 vowels, therefore the corresponding number of syllables).
2. The letter P has the sound <P>. He is a consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore deaf. It is also solid and has a pair <B>.
3. The letter O has the sound <A>. It is a vowel and has no accent.
4. The letter T has the sound <T>. He is a consonant, pronounced deaf. It is not softened, and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of voices <D>.
5. The letter O has the sound <A>. He is a vowel and unstressed.
6. The letter A denotes the sound <L>. He is a consonant, has no mitigation - solid. Pronounced with vibration near the larynx - voiced. This sound has no pair.
7. The letter O has the sound <O>. It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
8. The letter K stands for sound <K>. The consonant, pronounced deaf, has a pair of voiced <G>, solid.
9. To summarize: in this word there are 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number is the same, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

Sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simplified.

Children need to know that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When learning reading and writing skills, children get the first idea of ​​the difference between oral and written speech. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, have no sounds at all. But there are no words for the letter Y in the Russian language.

Alphanumeric analysis of the word "blizzard"

We already know how diverse the Russian language is. Sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. It is only necessary to correctly characterize each sound. But there are those in which a problematic situation arises. For example, the word "blizzard". Perform its phonetic analysis :

1. Blizzard - two vowels, which means 2 syllables ( view ha ).
2. The letter B has the sound <B '>. He is consonant, softens thanks to “b”, doubles - deaf <F '>, voiced.
3. The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
4. The letter Y has two sounds <Y> and <Y>, since it stands after b. It is necessary to characterize both. So, <i> is a consonant that is always soft and sonorous, it has no pair. <y> is a vowel, has an accent.
5. The letter G - is a consonant, denotes a solid sound. Has a deaf couple <K> and is voiced.
6. The letter <A> has the same sound <A>. He is a vowel and unstressed.
7. To summarize the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called the “iotated vowel”. In this case, the letter Y, under the influence of b, split into two sounds.

Conclusion

Sound analysis with knowledge of all the characteristics is not difficult to perform. You must say the word out loud. This will help to record all sounds correctly. After conducting their characterization and summarize the phonetic analysis. And then you are guaranteed success in this matter!