Spelling consonants is one of the key topics of the school curriculum. Children begin to learn it from the first grade and continue to study it until the end of the course at school. Teachers do not attribute the spelling “double consonants in the root of the word” to complex, but nevertheless there are difficulties in writing, both among primary school students and high school students.
What is double consonant, its place in the word
By observing the pronunciation and spelling, students notice that there is a group of words where a long consonant sound sounds, and on the letter it is indicated with the same letters standing next to it. Since there are usually two such letters, this combination of consonants has come to be called double.
The next task is to develop the ability to determine the place of a double consonant in a word. Later, children learn that it can be located not only in the root, but also in other parts of it.
The words group, chord, alley, burns, ton contain the spelling "double consonants at the root of the word." Examples of such words can be continued. It is worth noting that doubled -zhzh- is found in the roots of words of Russian origin - yeast, reins, juniper, buzz - and all the forms from them formed.
Consonant on the border of the prefix and root
For example, in the words lawlessness, consider, get angry, fake, story, introduction, double consonant is written on the border of the prefix and root. Having disassembled them in composition, the student will easily notice this feature.
To avoid mistakes in writing words of a similar structure, the child should be very good at analyzing the composition, correctly identifying the prefix and root. In addition, it is necessary to remember the peculiarities of writing prefixes ending in a consonant, in the case when the root also begins with it.
Compound words and their spelling
Double consonants in the root of the word are written when they are part of a complex. They do not have a connecting vowel, for example, a head physician . The first part ends with a consonant, and the second begins with the same letter. Say, such words as a maternity hospital, "Mosselmash" have a similar way of education.
Their competent spelling again depends on the student's ability to see the roots and understand their lexical meaning.
Double root consonants at the junction of the root and the suffix
Double consonants -nn- and -ss- are most often found in those cases when the first letter in the analysis of the word according to the composition belongs to the root, and the second to the suffix. Usually this is observed where the suffixes -st-, -n-, -sk- are present, for example: lemon, lunar, cast-iron, Russian.
Double root consonants at the junction of the root and the suffix are written in past tense verbs with a
returning particle
-sya , for example:
grazing, rushing .
Double consonants in the suffix
Errors in the spelling of double consonants in the suffix can be caused by the fact that there are many options for writing them, for example -nen-, -en-, -ann-, -an- and so on. The child needs not only to memorize the rule that regulates the process of literate writing, but also to clearly understand all the actions that he needs to perform.
Adjectives formed from nouns are written with double -nn- ( cranberry, lunch, painful, windless, but windy ). Pewter, wood, glass - these are exception words, and they are also written with a double consonant.
General rules
Double consonants in the root of the word, prefix and suffix obey the general rules for writing them. For example, three or more identical letters are never written side by side, although the generally accepted rule requires this. We are talking about such words as quarreling, three-ton, Odessa and others.
Words containing double consonants keep them in the process of word formation. For example:
group - group - group, class - cool . But there is an exception to the rule:
Anka, column, condensed milk .
Double Consonants in an Elementary School Program
After the children become familiar with the topic “Double Consonants at the Root of the Word” (examples are given below), elementary school students need to be taught to use the spelling dictionary. The reference book is an example of the correct spelling of words with various spelling, including double consonants.
Pupils can be offered exercises where it is necessary to given words, for example, such as a
quarrel, apron, gram , pick up related ones from the dictionary, writing them in one group.
In the Russian language -ss-, -dd-, -ll-, -rr-, -zhzh-, -pp-, -mm-, -bb- are most often used as double consonants in the root of the word. Grade 3 is studying a list of words to remember, where all of the letters listed are presented as doubled. The list contains more than a dozen such examples.
A large number of words with double consonants appeared in Russian due to the borrowing process. Sometimes it’s useful to compare how their style looks in Russian and foreign versions. But this method must be treated very carefully, since foreign words, once in the Russian language, can undergo certain changes. For example, classe is “class,” profession is “profession,” but adresse is “address . ” This technique only in individual cases helps to better remember how double consonants in the root are written.
The rule of transferring words with double consonants has its own characteristics, and it is also included in the program material of the elementary school to study the rules of the Russian language. The result of work on the whole topic is the formation of the following skills in younger students:
- choose the correct spelling;
- transfer words with letters of double consonants;
- substantiate your choice using the learned rules and the spelling dictionary.
To check the level of skill formation, tasks are suggested where it is necessary to insert missing letters into words. The selection of material is such that not in all cases it is required to write a double consonant. Children should notice this and complete the task correctly.
When testing the ability to transfer words with a double consonant, it is necessary to offer different structures according to the presence of parts, the number of syllables. These can be words such as burns, ticket office, alley, I'll tell you others.
Expanding the topic of spelling double consonants
As the child advances in mastering the laws of Russian spelling, the number of spelling patterns where double consonants are used in the root is used. The morphological composition also becomes diverse. In addition, lexical material is complicated, on the example of which double consonants in the root of the word are studied. Grade 5 of the school curriculum can serve as proof of this.
In addition to adjectives, nouns, verbs, students are offered adverbs, participles, and participles to observe the spelling of double consonants. Excerpts from classical literature and folklore become material for analyzing the spelling of words. Children get acquainted with these works at lessons.
In addition, students must freely determine the place of the double consonant in the composition of the word. To form this skill, they are regularly offered to perform exercises where it is necessary to distribute the words into groups depending on the location of the doubled consonant.
Children should be able to justify their choice, which helps students' verbal answers with the wording of the rules, giving their own examples.