Carl Gustav Jung is a very mysterious person in the scientific world, his ideas still excite the minds of contemporaries. Jung expanded the boundaries of psychiatry, many of his theories were simply shocking to ossified scholars. In addition to scientific works, Carl Jung read many theological and esoteric treatises. An unusual scientist showed great interest in folk tales and legends. Psychology owes Jung many discoveries that formed the basis of modern knowledge of the human mind.
Carl Gustav Jung. Psychological types
One of the most significant achievements of Carl Jung is his work on psychological types. In it, he puts forward the idea that, in addition to acquired qualities, a person has certain inborn features of the psyche that cannot be changed. In many ways, this discovery was facilitated by the scientist's observation of young children who had not yet managed to acquire certain character traits, but there were serious differences in their behavior.
Based on these differences, psychological types were identified. Jung, on the basis of numerous experiments and observations, realized that some people give their energy outward, they focus only on the world around them, people or objects outside cause them much more interest than the inner world. The psychologist called such people extroverts. Another type, on the contrary, is based on one's view of the world, and not on the objective environment, these subjects are more interested in internal experiences than people and objects from the outside world. Carl Jung called them introverts. Let's take a closer look at these psychological types.
Extroverts
Modern society is just a paradise for extroverts, because it welcomes arrogance, superficiality, materialism and selfishness. But who are these extroverts? According to Jung's concept, it is a psychological type of person directed purely outward. Such people adore the society of other people, they naturally defend their interests and strive for leadership.
They can be sociable, friendly and kind, but it is also easy to encounter hysterical and evil persons.
An extrovert can be the soul of a company, the leader of a movement or organization, thanks to excellent communication skills and organizational talents. However, it is extremely difficult for extroverts to plunge into their inner world, so they are very superficial.
Strengths and weaknesses of extroverts
Each psychological type has its own strengths and weaknesses. For example, extroverts perfectly adapt to a change of scenery, they easily find a common language in any team. The concept of Jung's psychological types describes extroverts as excellent interlocutors who can captivate with conversation anyone who is near them.
Also, such people can be wonderful sellers or managers, they are easy to climb and mobile. Generally speaking, extroverts are ideally suited for life in modern, superficial society of crafty materialists.
But not everything is so cloudless in the fast-moving world of extroverts. As the psychological types of Jung say, each of them has its drawbacks. For example, extroverts are too dependent on public opinion; their worldview is based on generally accepted dogmas and concepts. They also often commit rash acts and deeds, which they later regret. Superficiality creeps into all spheres of life of an extrovert, recognition in society and official awards attract them more than real achievements.
Introverts
According to Jung's concept, the psychological type of a person directed inwardly is called an introvert. Introverts find it difficult to find their place in the modern, fast-moving and hyperactive world. These people derive joy within themselves, and not outside, like extroverts. The external world is perceived by them through a layer of their own conclusions and concepts. An introvert can be a deep and harmonious person, but most often such people are typical losers who are untidily dressed and find it difficult to find a common language with others.
It would seem awful to be an introvert, but, according to the work of Karl Gustav Jung, psychological types cannot be bad or good, they just are different. Introverts have not only weaknesses, but also their advantages.
Strengths and weaknesses of introverts
Introverts, despite all the difficulties that they experience in everyday life, have a number of positive characteristics. For example, introverts are able to be good specialists in complex fields, brilliant artists, musicians.
It is also difficult for such people to impose their opinions; they are poorly amenable to propaganda. An introvert is able to penetrate deep into things, calculate the situation many moves forward.
However, society does not need smart or talented people, it needs arrogant and active traders, so today introverts are assigned a secondary role. The passivity of introverts often turns them into a jelly-like inert mass, sluggishly flowing along the path of life. Such people are completely unable to fend for themselves, they simply experience resentment inside, falling into another depression.
Consciousness functions
Describing the psychological types, Jung identified four functions of consciousness, which, combined with a person's orientation inward or outward, form eight combinations. These functions are significantly different from other psychological processes, therefore they were allocated separately - thinking, feeling, sensation, intuition.
By thinking, Jung understood the intellectual and logical functions of man. Feeling is a subjective assessment of the world based on internal processes. Sensation refers to the perception of the world through the senses. And under intuition - the perception of the world, based on unconscious signals. To better understand Jung's psychological types, let's take a closer look at the functions of the psyche.
Thinking
Types of psyche based on thinking are divided into introverted and extrovert. The extrovert mental type bases all its judgments on the intellectual conclusions about the surrounding reality. His picture of the world is completely subordinate to logical chains and rational arguments.
Such a person believes that the whole world should obey his intellectual scheme. Everything that does not obey this scheme is wrong and irrational. Sometimes these people are beneficial, but more often they are simply unbearable for others.
As follows from the work of Carl Gustav Jung, the psychological types of the introverted-mental kind are almost the exact opposite of their extrovert brothers. Their picture of the world is also based on intellectual fabrications, but they are not based on a rational picture of the world, but on its subjective model. Therefore, this psychological type has many ideas that are completely natural to him, but have no connection with the real world.
Feeling
The extravert feeling type, as the psychological types of Carl Jung say, bases his life on feeling. Therefore, thought processes, if they contradict feelings, are discarded by such an individual, he considers them unnecessary. Extravert feelings are based on generally accepted stereotypes of the beautiful or the right. Such people feel what is accepted in society, although at the same time they are completely sincere.
The introverted sentient type comes from subjective feelings, often understandable only to him. The true motives of such a person are usually hidden from outside observers, often people of this type look cold and indifferent. Quiet and benevolent in appearance, they can hide completely inadequate sensory experiences.
Sensation
The sensing extrovert type perceives the surrounding reality more acutely than other psychological types. Jung described this type as a person living here and now.
He wants the most intense sensations, even if they are negative. The picture of the world of such a subject is based on observations of objects of the external world, which gives sensory extroverts a touch of objectivity and prudence, although in reality this is not so at all.
An introverted sensory type is extremely difficult to understand. The main role in the perception of the world for this psychological type is played by its subjective reaction to the world. Therefore, the actions of sensing introverts can be incomprehensible, illogical and even frightening.
Intuition
The intuitive type is one of the most obscure and mysterious. Other psychological types of Carl Jung are more rational, except for the sensory. If the intuitive type is manifested in the extrovert, then a person arises who is constantly looking for opportunities, but as soon as the opportunity is explored and clear, throws it for the sake of further wanderings. Good businessmen or producers are made from such people. They are said to have excellent instincts.
However, the intuitive type combined with introversion forms the strangest combination. Describing the psychological types, Jung noticed that intuitive introverts can be great artists and creators, but their work is unearthly, bizarre in nature. In dealing with such a person, a lot of difficulties can arise, since often he expresses his thoughts only to him in an understandable way. People of this kind are fixated on perception and its description. If they do not find a way out of their feelings in creativity, then it becomes difficult for them to take their place in society.
Can I change my psychological type?
Psychological types do not occur in their pure form. Both extrovert and introvert are present in every person, but one of these types is dominant.
So it is with the functions of consciousness, that is, if you have a feeling type in front of you, this does not mean that he does not use intelligence, just feelings play a decisive role in his life. According to Jung's concept, the psychological type of a person remains unchanged throughout his life. However, it can be slightly adjusted, subject to external circumstances.
If you are not comfortable with your psychological type, do not lose heart or try to fight with your nature. It is much wiser to build a competent life strategy that will take into account your strengths and weaknesses. Although the dominant type cannot be changed, this does not mean that it is impossible to change at least somehow. Most features of the human character are not innate and unchanging. In addition, psychology is not physics, it is only assumed, not approved, so everything is in your hands. Those who want to learn more about this topic can read a wonderful book - K. Jung. "Psychological types."