The English language penetrates more and more into all cultures, enters into our life and occupies a considerable place in it. Every day the modern world requires self-development from a person, and knowledge of foreign languages is included in this list. To know English is to know and correctly use its basic constructions, taking into account all the nuances, of which there are many.
For some, a few learned phrases in English may suffice, but in order to speak a foreign language competently and fluently, you need to study all its features, encounter its difficulties and understand the whole mechanism of its existence. And even such small particles as some, any, no, the rule of use of which is applied differently in different cases, are important for
competent speech in English.
English pronouns
A pronoun is a word that indicates an object or its attribute, but does not name it. In English, there are several groups of pronouns, each of which has its own rules and features of use. One of the main groups is personal pronouns. These include I, he, she, it, we, you, they , as well as the same pronouns in the object case. The second group is demonstrative pronouns. It includes that, this and their plural forms . Possessive pronouns are my, his, her, its, our, you're and their. And a large place among these groups is occupied by the pronouns some, any, no . The rule for each of the groups is different, but in general they create a system that is an integral part of the English language.
Pronoun some
Some in English means "some", "several", "some". This pronoun is mainly used in affirmative sentences. For instance:
I have some books. - I have some books.
You buy some buns. “You bought some buns.”
As for the nuances of using
some, any, no, the rule says that the first can be used in interrogative sentences if they are talking about a proposal or a request.
Would you like some milk? - Do you want some milk?
Give me, please, some water. “Give me some water, please.”
With a wide variety of interpretations, the question may arise: when to understand the translation of this word? That is why English is so varied. Some, any - there is a rule for any case of their use. If the pronoun some characterizes something in the singular, then it translates as "some", and if in the plural, then "several." But if it is multiple uncountable, then the translation will sound like “a little”.
Pronoun any
Some or any - the rule for their translation is almost the same. The pronoun any, although it has its own nuances of use, is generally interpreted as the previous pronoun, namely “some”, “several”, “some”. Also, any can be used with the meaning of "any." Much is the same when using some or any . The rule says that they should be used before the noun that characterize.
Have you got any juice? - Do you have juice? (any juice)
I don't have any ideas. - I do not have any ideas.
Any is commonly used in negative and interrogative sentences. If this pronoun is combined with the particle not , then it will have the meaning “none”. Also, any is often not translated at all.
She didn't make any mistakes in her test. - She made no mistakes in the test.
Have you got any books here? “Do you have any books here?”
Pronoun no
No translates as “not at all,” “no.” This pronoun is found exclusively in negative sentences and is used with all nouns in the singular and plural. The main task of no is to indicate the absence of something or someone.
I have no money today. “I have no money today.”
There are no information in the newspaper. - There is no information in the newspaper.
There is a big difference between not and no : the first is used for the verb, the second is used before the noun.
Some, any - rule, table of derivatives
Thanks to the above pronouns, you can create other words when it comes to things, places or people. Some, any, no - the rule of their use allows you to connect them with other particles and get new pronouns. English is so versatile that even such operations are possible in it. But for their competent conduct, deep, fundamental knowledge is necessary.
No, some, any - the rule for children and for adults will be much easier if you depict it in a table. Visual memory allows you to hold information in your head longer, and this is only a plus for someone who decided to master the English language. Derivatives of these pronouns are created as follows:
| Some + | Any + | No + |
| Things | Something | Anything | Nothing |
| People | Somebody, someone | Anybody, anyone | Noody, no one |
| Places | Somewhere | Anywhere | Nowhere |
Rules for using derivatives of some, any, no
The rule of using derivatives of these pronouns is simple, but nevertheless it is worthwhile to build competent speech.
- Derivatives of these pronouns are used when the speech does not indicate where, what or who performs the action.
- For a short answer, the forms nobody, nothing, or nowhere are suitable. They also need to be used when the verb has an affirmative form, but the task is to build a negative sentence.
- Somebody, nobody is equivalent in value to someone, no one. They are applied according to the same rules, and the value of the proposal from such a replacement does not change.
- Anybody, anything, anywhere needs to be put with verbs in negative form or in questions.
Use table
The pronouns some, any - as a rule, the table of their use - all this needs to be learned and put into practice for assimilation.
| Example | Countable | Uncountable |
| Affirmative form | I want | a (some) book. some books. | some milk. some rice. |
| negative form | I do not want | a (any) book. any books. | some milk. some rice. |
| Interrogative form | Do i want | a (any) book? any books? | some milk? some rice? |
English is rich in grammatical constructions, and all of them need to be known for proficiency in the language. The pronouns some, any, no occupy one part of a hundred, but these structures need to be paid attention to. Like Russian, English has various word forms, which makes it richer and brighter. Derivatives of these pronouns play the same important role as their foundations, creating new concepts and meanings. These rules need to be honed, regularly create examples of their use, to learn and understand what has been learned. English seems complicated when you expect its grammar to be too simple. But in fact, if you make an effort, all these designs will be remembered quickly and without difficulty.