Woodworking is one of the rapidly developing areas in the industry of Russia. Modern woodworking production allows you to receive lumber, log houses, furniture and many other products through wood processing.
How to increase efficiency?
Sawing is a traditional craft for our country. But, in comparison with the past, modern equipment allows cutting, drying and processing of wood not only better, but also faster. Woodworking today is aimed at increasing the efficiency of lumbering through the introduction of new processing technologies and innovative equipment. As a result, many processes become mechanized, old machines are replaced by new models, automatic wood processing lines with its rejection and sorting are introduced.
Sawing Features
Wood products are made from wood and processed in different ways, depending on what the woodworking industry does: logging, the creation of furniture and wood pulp, the manufacture of paper, cardboard and wood products, and so on. In general, the stages of the process can be described as follows:
- Harvesting wood. It is conducted on a specially selected site for logging.
- Sawing wood and sawing felled trees into logs.
- Screening to sort large and small logs of different diameters.
- Already at the sawmill , the primary processing of logs into sawn timber using circular or tape machines. Here it must be said that the production of woodworking equipment is currently underway, so woodworking is faster and better.
Consider the above process steps in more detail.
Cutting and drying
These two processes are closely related, and they can follow at the enterprise in a different sequence. Most often, wood is dried directly in the boards, and lumber is cut into blanks already in dry form. According to experts, if drying is carried out in boards, then the output is 2-3% more lumber. In addition, cutting already dried boards allows you to notice wood defects and defects in time and discard unsuitable elements.
The technology of woodworking industries involves drying in several ways, but most often - or atmospheric, or using special cameras. Atmospheric drying is a lengthy process involving the storage of wood in the open air. The use of drying equipment allows you to speed up the harvesting process. It is worth remembering that the quality of the final building depends on the degree of driedness of the lumber.
What technology?
Modern woodworking involves the processing of harvested wood in various ways. Note that any mechanical wood processing processes are complex cutting. But, depending on technological goals, the woodworking process can be reduced to three actions:
- Wood and wood materials are fissionable.
- All elements undergo surface treatment, within which technological stocks are removed.
- Materials are subjected to deep processing, during which the finished blanks are transformed into finished parts.
Wood fission can occur with or without waste chips. During surface treatment, milling, grinding and turning are performed, while in the deep - drilling, deep milling and chiselling. Each of these processes has its own characteristics. Sawing, milling, peeling, grinding, turning, drilling - all these are the technologies on the basis of which any woodworking production works. A staircase for plants, by the way, is the first product that students create in a technology lesson in the fourth grade. It is at this age that children become acquainted with the woodworking process.
Protective measures
Wood is a material that is not resistant to external environmental factors. That is why at any enterprise that works with wood, protective measures are mandatory. Their task is to prevent the destruction of wood and protect it from fire, fungus, mold. As part of these measures, not only thorough drying of the material, but also chemical treatment using antiseptics is carried out. In most cases, sawmill and woodworking industries for this purpose use antiseptics with an oily base, varnishes that do not dissolve in water. Processing is carried out by wood tar, creosote oil, carboleum.
What is being produced?
Modern wood processing enterprises strive to optimize their technologies in order to use a larger volume of wood to obtain a larger volume of final products. Woodworking production allows you to get a variety of end products:
- MDF boards. For their production, production waste is used, which is grinded and processed by steam under high pressure - the mass is wiped, then dried and glued.
- Rack-and-timber wood. This semi-finished product is obtained by gluing battens from already dried wood.
- Chipboard plates. They are panels of uniform thickness, based on chips mixed with binders.
- Plywood. It is a sheet of wood of different thicknesses, which are glued together with special adhesives.
What kind of machines?
Woodworking machines for production are presented in a huge variety and can perform a variety of work related to the processing of material. Among the popular equipment can be identified:
- Combined machines are multi-purpose equipment capable of sawing, planing, drilling, cutting tenons and so on. These machines are used in the complex processing of blanks from natural wood or its waste.
- Lathes process the workpiece by cutting and turning, cut the thread, process the ends, drill holes.
- Band saws make it possible to perform direct or curly sawing of materials. The blade in such equipment is a continuous metal band with teeth.
- Milling machines perform work on the guide lines, while the material is fed manually. The use of such equipment is advisable in profile, planar and shaped processing of wood billets.
- The boring machine allows you to process holes by removing chips;
- Panel saw machines allow piece-wise or serial cutting of plate materials.
- Circular saws are tools that have hard teeth that can process wood.
This is only a small part of the machines that are used in woodworking. With their help, you can create lumber, blanks, semi-finished products, which are further used in the construction, furniture and other fields.
conclusions
It should be noted that every year both the technology and the equipment that is used for wood processing are becoming more advanced. And this, in turn, makes it possible to create a wide variety of products from this natural material. Note that even in school, and in primary, studied woodworking. The product "Ladder-support for plants" is the first thing that a child can create in the fourth grade. This allows children to teach children to carefully handle wood and nature in general and draw attention to logging and woodworking as one of the actively developing areas in Russia.