Why do people commit suicide? What pushes them to take this terrible step? Agree, a terrible figure of 400-500 thousand people annually in the world passes away voluntarily (according to the World Health Organization). It is especially difficult to talk about child mortality for this reason. Consider the types of suicidal behavior, causes, talk about prevention and much more.
What is suicide?
This is a voluntary, conscious withdrawal from life. So, consider the types of suicide, causes and prevention. The structure of suicidal behavior is as follows:
- thoughts of death;
- preparations for it;
- Attempts
- intentions;
- act of suicide.
Men in relation to women voluntarily leave the life of 4: 1. About 700 thousand people are attempting suicide. There are 25 suicidal attempts per tragedy. About 20–30% of people try to take their own lives again during the year. Every sixth suicide leaves a suicide note, in which experts often identify the cause of death.
Suicide is a form of deviant behavior
Consider suicidal behavior as a form of deviant behavior. The last phrase in translation from Latin is "deviation from the road." Thus, deviant behavior is the specific actions of the individual, for example, Ivanov distributes drugs, and in the global sense is a relatively stable phenomenon: banditry, drug addiction, prostitution and so on. In a narrow sense, the term means a deviation from the norm of an individual person or group of people.
Suicidal behavior is destructive, and it can be attributed to such forms of deviant behavior as alcoholism, drug addiction, categorical unwillingness to be treated, deliberate exposure of oneself to danger. This includes drunk driving, the deliberate provocation of fights and participation in them, as well as in wars and more.
Consider the types
Suicidal is a form of evasive behavior and indicates a person has an unhealthy way of thinking that includes thoughts of suicide, pondering, preparation for the act. So, the following types of suicidal behavior are distinguished:
- Demonstrative. Does not imply true intent. Suicide attempt is portrayed, as a rule, with the expectation that they will have time to save, in order to attract lost attention, to soften, arouse sympathy, love and care, to avoid punishment for the misconduct. More often this behavior may be characteristic of children and adolescents. We will talk about the reasons below. The worst thing is that there are cases when the demonstrative method ended with a real tragedy. Mostly depicted are cuts of veins, taking harmless drugs, less often hanging.
- Affective. Suicide attempts are made at the time of affect, which lasts about a minute or stretches for hours and days. Can perform in tandem with the first method. This suicidal behavior is characterized by hanging and poisoning.
- Hidden suicide. A person understands that this is not the most worthy solution to the problem, but, not seeing another option, he is consciously ready to die. He will engage in extreme sports, drive a car, travel to hot spots and so on. Hidden suicides are not afraid of death, they crave its arrival.
- True This is a deliberate, long-standing, clearly planned decision on voluntary departure from life. A man will do everything to make the attempt effective, and not interfere.
We examined the classification of types of suicidal behavior, we will move on to possible reasons.
What is pushing people to take this step?
Here is another definition of suicidal behavior. This is a way that is characterized by the desire to consciously end life. The goal is death, and the resolution of the problem is the motive. So, for reasons. There are really a lot of them. We give their classification, distinguish:
- External factors. They are divided into macro-social (conditions for the interaction of the individual with the outside world) and micro-social (relations with loved ones). The former include the situation of unemployment in the country, a decline in the living standards of the population, relocation to the metropolis, etc. The latter include interpersonal relationships between the suicide and his close circle. Based on them, the causes of suicidal behavior can be classified as follows: family conflicts, unrequited love, fatal illness, death of a loved one, and others.
- Biological reasons. A decrease in serotonin activity determines suicidal tendency.
- Genetic. Heredity.
- Psychological. Suicide underlies protracted incurable depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. Low stress resistance, maximalism, egocentrism, dependence on the opinions of other people, emotional lability and others also contribute to this.
Now we know about the types of suicidal behavior. Reasons - the concept is deep and complex, whose roots go back to the socio-psychiatric analysis of the problem. They include everything that causes suicide, and the cause is an event that serves as a motive force for the action of the cause. Now let's talk about the specifics of suicidal behavior of adolescents.
Child suicide
The psychology of children and adolescents is still unstable. It manifests itself in a changeable mood, moods, bouts of anger. Ages 13-17 are the most difficult. Talk about suicidal behavior, causes and prevention.
Children and adolescents have no real desire to die. Their idea of death is extremely vague, infantile. Attempting suicide is a cry for help. Types of suicidal behavior in adolescents as well as adults are conditionally divided:
- to true;
- demonstrative;
- and affective.
The most dangerous period is the age range of 14–16 years. But young children also resort to suicide attempts. As a rule, they are pushed by this unhealthy psychological atmosphere in the family, misunderstanding and dislike from the parents. Think about what a terrible figure - 80%, this is the number of childhood suicides committed due to conflicts with relatives, mom and dad, in particular.
How to warn a child from trouble
It is important to unravel the thoughts of the child in time. Although, it is extremely difficult to recognize suicidal tendencies. But still there are features that will help them calculate. So, we examined the types of suicidal behavior. The signs are as follows:
- Closure. Sometimes parents are calm and happy that the child is sitting at home, seemingly under supervision, sitting out at the computer for hours. But this is what should be alarming.
- Unreasonable irritation, nervousness, anger and even bitterness.
- Excessive talkativeness. Sometimes a child speaks a lot to disguise a problem.
- Depressive state, which manifests itself in tearfulness, self-doubt. From the side it looks like the child is offended by the whole world.
Blackmail words should also alert, for example, do not buy a bicycle, I will hang myself. Parents do not attach importance to the phrase being confident that this is a joke. This situation cannot be left to chance, the child needs to be explained that they are not joking with such things.
Let's move on to the reasons
Most young men and women view suicide as a solution to a problem, rather than ending their own lives. A child, due to his age, is vulnerable to stressful situations due to an unstable psyche, weak will, lack of life experience and knowledge. Let's try to classify the reasons:
- Internal conflict. With this term we summarize many reasons, such as misunderstanding of peers, poor relations with teachers, unrequited love, low self-esteem. These are problems that the child, unfortunately, cannot cope on his own.
- Ignoring by parents. As mentioned above, is the main cause of suicide.
Thus, the family is the main factor influencing the formation of suicidal behavior in adolescents.
But what are the true reasons?
Experts believe that suicidal behavior in adolescents is formed in close connection with the problem of social adaptation. At times, difficulties arising in the teaching team with peers acquire universal proportions, which push children to suicide. Consider several conventional personality types that have suicidal tendencies. So:
- Egoist. It pursues only its own gain.
- Fatalist. He believes that everything is destined for fate.
- Simulator. Uses suicide as a means of blackmail for intimidation to get what he wants.
- Altruist. Supports everyone around, which can lead to death "for the company."
- And an anomic type of behavior. Refusal to accept generally accepted norms and rules.
To avoid tragedy, you need to be a friend to the child. Only in this case he will entrust his problems, will not be afraid to talk about them, to fear the consequences.
Do you know what a child does on social networks?
This is perhaps a very serious problem today. The world is mired on the Internet. And it is no longer possible to exist without it. Unfortunately, we get not only useful information from there, the media can also have a negative impact. Browse online pages on your kids' social networks. There are many communities that extol the cult of death. It gives detailed instructions on how to escape from life, scary, imitating death, photos are laid out. Just think, what effect all this horror can have on the fragile, unstable children's psyche.
How to protect a child from scary thoughts?
We examined the types of suicidal behavior, figured out the reasons, and talk about prevention. It should be carried out in all areas of a child’s life, starting, of course, with the family. Here are a few recommendations:
- be a friend to the baby;
- do not scream or belittle his dignity;
- Do not insult, do not use foul language;
- do not scare;
- do not use physical violence;
- do not blackmail;
- do not abuse his feelings.
Teach your child to overcome difficulties, explain that any problems can be solved, especially when there are relatives and friends nearby. Develop the talents of the child, only then he will have an interest in achieving the goal, learning new things, such thoughts will never arise.
About the objectives of prevention
We already know what suicidal behavior is in adolescents, but prevention is necessary to eliminate risk factors. Therefore, an integrated approach is important. If you are not coping with the child, seek the help of a psychologist, a teacher who is engaged in his education.
The main task of preventing suicidal behavior in adolescents is the allocation of risk groups. Consider the classification of the contingent of suicidal children. These are children and adolescents:
- suffered skull injuries in childhood;
- with different forms of disharmonious development;
- asocial personalities with signs of deviant behavior;
- idealizing feelings of love and sexual relations.
It is important to closely monitor the development of your child, to take not a fake, but true participation in his life. Somewhere you will have to sacrifice personal time and even a career in order to devote more care, love and affection to the child. Help in self-realization, hug and kiss more often, say kind, sincere words.