Morphology in the Russian language studies the existing parts of speech, which include the adverb. This is a part of speech that does not change, does not bow, does not conjugate. An adverb helps to identify a sign of a condition, sign or action, in rare cases - an object. A morphological analysis of the dialect gives a complete picture of a particular word. But here it should be noted that this type of work can be carried out only for the words that make up the sentence. It is very important. Indeed, in the Russian language there are a lot of different shades of words, there are also homonymous parts of speech. Therefore, to give a correct and at the same time full description of a word is possible only if it is in a certain context, but not in any way isolated from all others.
In general, morphological analysis provides several characteristics at once:
1) semantic (that is, the meaning that the word expresses);
2) morphological (specific grammatical features of the word being analyzed);
3) syntactic (characteristic of a word as a member of a sentence).
And, of course, every existing part of speech in this analysis causes a number of difficulties associated with grammar. Morphological analysis of adverbs is no exception. Often it is difficult to define an adverb in a sentence. It is necessary to be able to distinguish features that may be misleading with their syntactic position. Take, for example, this case: "The time has come - she fell in love ..." and "It's time to go!" In the first sentence, the word "time" is a noun, as it is subject and determines the form of the predicate. In the second case, “time” is an adverb, since the form of a word does not change and it expresses the meaning of modality.
The main grammatical feature to which you should pay attention when morphological analysis of an adverb is performed is the immutability of the word. There are two categories of adverbs that differ in meaning:
- determinative (characteristics of the action itself and attribute);
- circumstances (time, place and purpose of the committed action, quality characteristics, quantity of the attribute and the like).
It is the immutability property that points to such a method of connection as adjacency. Any morphological analysis of an adverb defines its syntactic role as circumstances. But there are times when it expresses the predicate, more precisely, its nominal part. More often this is found in impersonal sentences, for example: "The sea is quiet." Such adverbs are sometimes called a separate part of speech - a category of state or predicative.
So, the morphological analysis of the dialect is carried out according to the following plan. First of all, the part of speech itself is determined and its general meaning is indicated. Morphological characters are referred to below . They have the following adverbs: rank in meaning, immutability, and degree of comparison (for those words that end in -o, -e). The final step is to identify the syntactic role of the adverb in the sentence.
Scheme of morphological analysis of an adverb
- Definition of a part of speech and proof of its correctness.
- Morphological (permanent and unstable) characters: immutability, rank by value, degree of comparison.
- Definition of a word as a member of a sentence.
Now consider the morphological analysis of the dialect, examples of which can be found in many textbooks and manuals.
Black velvet bumblebee, golden mantle,
Mournfully buzzing with a singing string ...
(I.A. Bunin.)
1. Mournfully - an adverb, as it indicates the quality of the action.
N. f. mournfully.
2. Morph. Ex .: the adverb is definitive, denotes a mode of action, does not change.
3. The buzzing (how?) Is mournful. The sentence is a circumstance.
When indicating the category, it is necessary to clarify the definitive or circumstantial meaning of a given dialect.