Each person is unique. And it seems that this is a hackneyed phrase. On the one hand, it is absolutely true, but on the other hand, if we turn to psychology, it becomes obvious how truthfully said.
Man is a person. The characteristic of personal characteristics is individual, which is confirmed by psychological research and treatises on this topic.
What it is?
Personal characteristics include several characteristics. If we turn to the encyclopedia of practical psychology, we will see the most complete definition. Personal characteristics are a combination of character, abilities, temperament and motives. The compilers of the book assure that among the aforementioned, individual motives, aspirations, and stability of the type under study stand out.
It all starts from childhood
Childhood is a wonderful time of carelessness and security. It seems to the child that the world around is beautiful, huge and simply attracts to itself. The growing baby begins to explore it in childhood, when it does not recognize itself, but the development of personality is already beginning.
If we talk about the behavior of a very young child, it already stands out for its characteristics and basic qualities. The personal characteristics of the child are inherent in him from infancy. It is not for nothing that parents with two or more children, making comparative characteristics, note for themselves a different manner of behavior of their offspring. And very often you can hear stories from friends in which they say that their children are completely different, although they were born by the same parents. One from childhood was distinguished by stubbornness, willpower and mobility. He grew up a real zinger, in life he does everything on the run, but with high quality. And the second one grew up "quiet mother," modest and inert. As an adult, he remained as infantile as in childhood.
The personality traits of a child depend on genetics, someone will say. In fact this is not true. Genetics can bring a surprise, and successful parents give birth to real junk. Where would this be, parents begin to find out. And they recall that grandfather was too modest and unable to show willpower in any matters.
The following factors influence personality characteristics:
Genetics.
Parenting in a family.
Environment.
And if we have already talked about the first factor, then the next two should be considered more carefully.
Parenting
Personal characteristics, as we said above, are a whole range of characteristics, including the positive and negative qualities of a person. They appear since childhood, this is not a secret. As well as disposition to certain types of activities.
Education plays a huge role in the formation of personality. Now it has become fashionable to indulge children and turn a blind eye to such acts for which the offspring were punished twenty years ago. The result of such education will be disastrous, for children need not only positive reinforcement, but also negative.
Surely more than once I had to see a child screaming at the top of his neck, demanding something from his mother. And she gently cooes over him, persuades or simply gives what she wants. This is a positive reinforcement of unwanted behavior. How will such a child grow up? He will become a good manipulator, accustomed to getting his way on demand. Therefore, it is important to put the baby in place on time, making it clear that not everything that is required is fulfilled, but poor behavior leads to punishment.
Features of personal development are that parents direct their child in the right direction, given its inclinations and characteristics. If the child is obsessed with animals and declares that he wants to become a veterinarian, do not shrug him off, referring to his unconscious age. On the contrary - encourage the desire of the offspring, buy him interesting books on this topic, show films. Over time, a child may abandon a conceived idea by continuing to search for himself, or he may establish himself in the chosen future field of activity.
Environment
The features of the child’s personal development are influenced by his environment. We are talking about a team in kindergarten (later at school), relationships with other children and adults, social adaptation. If the baby has problems with communication skills, then you should contact a child psychologist for help. The older the child, the more difficult it is to adjust communication if he has not been able to master the science of building relationships with people around him since childhood.
Teens
The most complex human specimens. The personality traits of adolescents are based on moral immaturity, a heightened sense of justice, and emotional instability. A teenager is no longer a child, but also not an adult, although he very diligently claims this role. His hormonal background changes, external changes occur, internal balance is disturbed. Yesterday, a little beautiful girl suddenly discovers the appearance of pimples and greasy skin. For an adult, self-confident, this is not a problem. But for a teenager - a whole complex. Most of them are unsure of themselves, a lot of fears and complexes are hidden under aggressive behavior.
What to do when communicating with such a "hedgehog"? Keep in mind that at this stage of development, personality traits are a changing factor. And to correct the undesirable behavior of a teenager only with the help of positive and positive reinforcements.
Personal psychological characteristics
These properties include human temperament. Let us recall what Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, one of the greatest physiologists of the planet, says on this subject. He identifies four types of temperament, which are characterized as follows:
Strong, agile, unbalanced. It's about choleric. The main psychological feature of this type is that the processes of excitation prevail over the processes of inhibition.
Strong, agile, balanced - sanguine. It is believed that this is the best temperament of a person, because the processes of inhibition and excitation are in equilibrium.
Strong, inert, balanced - phlegmatic type. The processes of inhibition prevail over the processes of excitation.
Weak, unbalanced - melancholic. Such people have weak processes of excitation and inhibition.
Choleric
The personal characteristics of a person with a choleric type of higher nervous activity include the following emotional characteristics:
Restlessness, for choleric people have a hard time focusing on one thing. They are able to start a business, not bring it to the end.
Impulsivity - such people live with emotions. Under the influence of an impulse, they commit the most unpredictable acts, for which they themselves blame.
Rapid arousal, which is due to temperament. Very easily lose their temper, do not hesitate to show emotions. But the outbreak quickly fades away, and choleric becomes ashamed of the negative emotions shown.
Burnout. Routine work is not for choleric people, nor are things that require maximum concentration. These people, due to emotional and personal characteristics, quickly tire and burn out.
Sanguine
If you or someone close has this type of GNI, then you are very lucky. The most sober-minded and balanced people are sanguine people. Their main personal characteristics are a balance in judgments and actions. The most pronounced qualities include:
Practicality - representatives of this type of personality can look forward. They are very practical in their actions, they calculate everything in advance.
Patience is one of the best qualities of a sanguine person. At the time of failure, he will not lay down his “paws”, but will have the patience, gritting his teeth, get up from his knees and start all over again.
Sobering - we mentioned this above. Sanguine does not panic, like the same choleric. He is able to turn on "cold thinking" in the most emergency situations. In ordinary life, a sanguine person looks at the world without pink glasses, soberly assessing his own abilities and capabilities.
Phlegmatic
These people are difficult to stir, they are inert and often go with the flow. The main personality traits are:
Closure. It does not appear in such volumes as that of the same melancholy, but people with this type of GNI prefer to carry everything in themselves and not once again open to others.
The tendency to loneliness. Despite the outward friendliness of phlegmatic, the best company for him is his own person.
Poor adaptability. For phlegmatic will be a real tragedy of global life change. These people prefer predictability and stability.
Melancholy
The weakest type of temperament. Their personal characteristics are a set of unenviable characteristics, which include increased lethargy, inertia and complete inability to live. But is it really so?
Melancholics are highly sensitive. The smallest remark can provoke tears in them. But what is most interesting, it is among the melancholic people the greatest number of outstanding creative people. Because of their increased sensitivity, they pick up subtleties that other types will not even see.
Perfectionists with increased guilt. Melancholy people like to bring their affairs to perfection. And if someone is dissatisfied with their work, then representatives of this type will not even think about the fact that the critic may simply find fault. They immediately shut themselves in, scolding their own person for lack of diligence.
Reduced performance. A large and noisy team leads the melancholy into a stupor. They need frequent breaks in work with rest from colleagues. In a society of people, this type of personality feels extremely uncomfortable. But alone with himself, he is able to carry out the most difficult work. That is why there are many talented programmers and creative people among melancholic people.
Emotionality
As we noted above, personality traits are a whole complex of characteristics, including emotions. People are used to sharing emotions as good and bad. But in psychology such concepts do not exist. There are positive emotions and conditionally negative ones.
Positive include joy, confidence, tenderness, love. Conditionally negative emotions are anger, longing, anxiety, despair. There are also neutral emotions, they include amazement, curiosity and indifference.
What are good emotions? That give in to removal and adjustment. The character, as they say, is not treated. And the temperament of a person cannot be changed, as well as the emotions associated with him. But acquired emotions due to worldview and education can be adjusted.
Personality traits
These include the positive and negative aspects of character. Speaking of a man, we draw up his personal portrait: kind, sympathetic, faithful in friendship. Or vice versa - vile, envious, inclined to deceive.
The characteristic of personality traits of character is that they are congenital and acquired. Correcting innate qualities is possible, but rather difficult. Acquired are formed under the influence of the environment, education and type of GNI of the child.
Conclusion
Personal characteristics of a person are a complex of qualities peculiar only to him. Some can be adjusted, others will have to come to terms.
If the parent sees that negative qualities begin to appear in his offspring, it is necessary to extinguish them in the bud. The “whip” is negative reinforcement, which does not mean beating, as you might think. This includes, first of all, the prohibition of anything, the deprivation of pleasures. Only in this way will the child understand that he has done something wrong, and the likelihood of such behavior in the future will drop sharply.
We give an example: the older brother offended the younger sister. The first reaction of parents is to scold their son. If the child is psychologically weak, he will be scared, but not the fact that he will stop offending the baby. Will do this so that parents do not notice, for example, when they are not at home. And if the sister complains, the boy will make an unhappy appearance and begin to deny what happened.
Instead of screaming, it is necessary to give negative reinforcement that is serious for the child. For example, the deprivation of some entertainment. Should have gone to the zoo? Now, let's not go, because you offended your sister. In the future, the boy, remembering such a lesson, would not want to offend the baby.