Children learn to draw up word schemes starting from the first grade. However, it is difficult for many children to separate the form from the content, they are confused with the symbols, forget the definitions of concepts. The fact is that in order to draw up diagrams, the student must be able to think abstractly, master the methods of analysis. If these skills are not formed, the help of teachers and parents is required.
Is this a word or sentence?
The scheme is a graphical model that, using symbols, displays the components of the whole, their relationship. From the first days of schooling, children will learn that sentences consist of words, words of syllables, syllables of sounds. Schemes of words and sentences help to see this clearly.
However, often in the head of a child, these concepts are mixed. First graders get confused in the symbols, drawing lines instead of colored squares. Explain to the child that the word is the name of a single subject, action, sign. A sentence, on the other hand, consists of several words connected with each other, and conveys a complete thought.
Let the first grader determine if he hears individual words or sentences. So, the phrase "The crow sits on the fence" will be a sentence. Draw a diagram for it. If you say "crow, sit, fence" - then in front of us is just a collection of unrelated words. You do not need to draw a proposal outline.
Syllable and stress
Having figured out the difference between a word and a sentence, we can proceed to compiling syllabic schemes. Note that in the textbooks there are different conventions. Most often, the word is represented by a line or a rectangle, which are divided by vertical lines into the desired number of syllables. Accent is indicated by a short oblique stick on top. With similar word schemes in grade 1, work on the sound composition begins.
Students of philological universities cannot always explain the division of words into syllables in the Russian language. The easiest way: imagine that you are chatting with a person on the other side of the river. Scream the word out loud and lingeringly. Sounds made on one exhale form a syllable. The stress can be determined by placing the cams on top of one another and placing the chin on top, but not tight. When pronouncing the stressed syllable, the pressure of the jaw on the hands will be the strongest.
Sound schemes of words
Most of the problems in children arise at this stage. Meanwhile, it is the sound schemes of words that help children realize that spelling and pronunciation often do not coincide with each other. Training is better to start with simple words, gradually complicating the task. The first action is dividing the word into syllables.
The second stage is the determination of the quantity and quality of sounds. At first, use the hint plate. The vowels are marked in red on it, as in the diagram. Sounds from the upper row are placed after hard consonants, from the bottom - after soft ones. The letters i, e, y, e denote two sounds (y + a, y + o, y + y, y + e), if they are at the very beginning of the words, after another vowel, as well as behind the "dumb" letters b, b .
Consonants can be hard (marked in blue on the diagram) or soft (painted with a green pencil). When drawing a diagram, we analyze each syllable in turn. We depict a single sound in the form of a square of the corresponding color. Merging of a consonant with a vowel - a rectangle divided in half by a diagonal line. The lower part is the consonant, the upper is the vowel. After drawing a diagram, put the accent and separate the syllables with a vertical bar.
Word composition
Morphemic analysis of words is usually studied in grade 2, although some programs introduce first-graders to it. The ability to find the root, prefix and other significant parts is very important for the formation of the skill of literate writing. Children draw new patterns of words, remember common conventions.
Not all students get this easy. Learn a simple algorithm with your child:
- Write a word.
- Declare it by cases or conjugate by persons, numbers. The final letters that change in this case will be the ending. The rest of the word is the base. Sometimes there is zero ending.
- Find as many related words as possible. Their common part is called the root.
- The letters in front of him are a prefix.
- There may be a suffix between the root and the ending. Or a few suffixes, as in the word "teacher."
- Graphically highlight all the parts in the word, redraw their legend below or next. The circuit turned out.
Learning to think
Most often, the mistakes of schoolchildren are associated with a formal approach. The lexical meaning of the word is not taken into account. Children try to find familiar suffixes in the word (-chik- in the tokens "ball", "ray"), prefixes (-y in the adjectives "morning", "narrow"). To avoid this, children are taught to choose words to the indicated schemes. You can do these tasks yourself.
Draw a diagram of the word: root + suffix + ending. Which of the following tokens are suitable for her: racer, cloak, storekeeper, cartilage? What words have a zero ending, prefix and root: plaque, chant, burbot?
Charting a word is a rather difficult task for a younger student. In order not to discourage boring workouts interest in learning, turn them into a game. Conduct lessons for dolls, arrange competitions with prizes, give for the correct answers the part of the picture that will need to be collected in the end. Make a little effort and they will certainly be rewarded.