Verbal suffixes in Russian. Spelling verb suffixes. Verbal suffix -ova-

The spelling of suffixes is closely related to morphology. There are various rules for writing this morpheme, they are studied differentially for each part of speech. Consider what verbal suffixes are.

Suffix –ova –– ––––––– –– –– –– ––

These suffixes form imperfective verbs, to which the question "what to do?" For example: draw, dance, paint, dance.

Morphemes -ova- / eva- form imperfective verbs from other parts of speech, usually from nouns:

• team - to command;
• test - to try;
• envy - envy;
• excitement - to worry;
• expense - to spend;
• sorrow - to grieve;
• conversation - to talk;
• participation - to participate;
• feeling - to feel;
• empathy - empathy;
• stroke - hatch.

The spelling of these morphemes is verified by the form of the first person verb. numbers in the present tense. In order to put the verb in the right form, you must ask the question: "What am I doing now?" The answer will be:

• I'm dancing now;
• I am drawing right now.

As you can see, the verb ends on the –th. In this case, the suffix –ova - / - eva– is written.

Examples of words in which the verbal suffix -ova - / - eva- stands out:

• I envy - envy, welcome - welcome, explore - explore, organize - organize, writhe - uproot, worry - worry, bite - peck, attack - attack, stalk - stalk, use - use, quarrel - war.

Morphemes –yva - / - willow– also form verbs to which the question “what to do?” Is posed. For example: bite off.

Suffixes –yva - / - willow– produce imperfective verbs from perfect verbs:

(what to do?) to experience - (what to do?) to experience.

The spelling of these morphemes also depends on the form of the verb of the 1st l. the only one. the numbers are real. time. Recall the question: "What am I doing now?" And the answer will be: "I'm dancing now," "I'm finishing now."

After that, we determine that at the end I am yawning.

Then it remains to apply the rule: at the end - Iyva, -Iyva, you need to write the verb suffix -yva - / - willow-.

Examples of words in which it stands out:

Choking - choking, thinking - inventing, waving - waving, educating - educating, biting - biting, refusing - refusing, searching - searching, smearing - smearing, hanging - hanging, coloring - painting, splitting, grinding - grind - grinding to stretch, to draw - to draw, to loosen - to loosen, to scatter - to scatter, to wink - to wink, to hang - to suspend, to experience - to test, to shudder - to shudder, to conceive I give up - to think.

Communion suffixes

Morphemes - ova - / - eva -, -yva - / - willow - are preserved in the real participles.

This is due to the fact that participles, denoting the attribute of an object by action, are formed from verbs, and the spelling of verb suffixes is preserved in them. For instance:

The verb suffix –wa and the vowel before it

In that case, if the emphasis falls on the final part of the verb, it is impossible to distinguish –ova- / eva, –yva - / - willow–, since the suffix will be different - va. It is always percussive, and this differs from previous word-building morphemes. For example, it is distinguished in words:

• weakened;
• sweating;
• poly wah;
• prod-va-t;
• napa wa´t.

This suffix forms an imperfect view from the perfect, it appears in the form of nesov. in. and disappears in the verbs of owls. in. This will help highlight it in the word:

• weaken (sov.v.) - weaken-va-t (nesov.v.);
• sweat (sov.v.) - sweat-va-t (nesov.vid);
• to water (sov.v.) - pol-va-t (nesov.vid);
• threaded (Sov. century) - prod-va-t (nesov.vid);
• to sing (sov.v.) - nap-va-t (nesov.vid).

Appearing in verbs, he takes on the stress, and the vowel in front of him turns out to be unstressed and turns into a spelling. The rule applies to her choice: to correctly write a vowel before the shock suffix –va, you must skip this suffix.

Examples of verbs with the suffix –wa:

To mature - to mature, to get sick - to get sick, to put on - to put on, to give out - to give, to beat out - to beat, to give out - to give out, to drink - to drink, to dress - to dress, to interrupt - to interrupt, to know - to know, to get up - to stand up, to keep up - to be in time, to create - create, master - master, sew - sew up, warm - warm, overcome - overcome, endure - endure.

Attention! There is a discrepancy to the rule in the following verbs: stuck - stuck, intend, darken - darken, extend - renew.

Suffix –irov–

If the suffixes –yva –– –– willow–, –– –– –– –– –– have variants, then the morpheme –– –– is always written the same way. It also forms the verbs of nesov. kind of. To distinguish this suffix, you need to define the generating word, highlight the basis in it, guided by which, it is easy to determine where the word-building morpheme begins: group - group-ir.

Usually verbs with this postfix are formed from the base of the noun and have the meaning of an active, purposeful action: reserve - reserve, sabotage - sabotage, trainer - train.

The suffix –irov– has a very interesting origin. One of its parts, ier, borrowed from the German language during the reign of Peter I, is connected with the Russian language, is ova: experimentieren — to experiment, gruppieren — to group, modernisieren — to modernize, formieren — to form.

Examples of words with the suffix –irov–:

• isolate;
• varnishing;
• to lead;
• eliminate;
• march;
• to mine;
• to operate;
• Orient
• to plan;
• privatize;
• to react;
• rehearse;
• Serve
• sort;
• stuff;
• take pictures;
• to quote.

Verb suffix ––

In verbs combined with a noun and a pronoun in the accusative case without prepositions, usually there is a suffix ––:

• deliverance (whom? what?) of us;
• providing (who? what?) children;
• deforestation (who? what?) terrain;
• dehydration and who (what? what?) territory;
• whitewashed (whom? what?) walls;
• tint (who? what?) hair;
• black-and-brow (whom? what?) eyebrows.

Such words mean that someone performs this action in relation to some object. That is, these are transitive verbs.

Suffix ––

This verb suffix is ​​written in intransitive verbs from which it is impossible to raise accusative questions:

• black-and-white (from what?) from grief;
• seriously (from what?) from problems;
• rusted (from what?) from moisture;
• whitewashed (from what?) from old age.

Such verbs contain the meaning of an action that occurs without outside influence, and this meaning is introduced by the suffix -e.

Vowels before the suffix –l–

The verb suffix of the past tense –l– is usually found after spelling vowels: ver ... l, ve ... l, dependent ... l, measured ... l, detour ... l, descent ... ls, glued ... l, se ... l, clear ... l.

To select a vowel before -l-, you must put the verb in the initial form. The vowel before –t will be preserved before ––:

• twirl - spit;
• winnow - winnow;
• start - started;
• depend - depended on;
• measure - measured;
• repent - repented;
• bow - bowed;
• cherish - cherished;
• hoping - hoping;
• to travel around - traveled around;
• despair - desperate;
• stick - glued;
• reyat - reyal;

• listen - listen;
• to sow - to sow;
• clean - clean;
• to smell - to smell.

The verb suffix in indefinite form is a reference. It is preserved in the germs before -in- and -lice-: despair-lice-glues, glues-in, obedience-in, sowing-in, clean-in.

Assignment Assignment

So, when it is known which verb suffixes in Russian exist and how they are spelled, we can move on to the practical part.

Missing letters in this text. It is easy to restore, if you recall some of the learned rules governing the spelling of spelling in the suffixes of verbs.

It is interesting to watch the monkeys living on the trees. You can consider them ... and photograph ... test, because they, not experiencing ... fear, freely do ... perform various miracles of dexterity. They do not jump ... they fly, but they fly ... branch from branch to branch, swing ... and tumble down the vines. Everything that seems attractive to them, the monkeys rip off, grasp ... scream with their tenacious paws, examine ... scream, hug ... scream and try to ... scream, even bring it to their ears to listen ... to. Something they ... lay behind the cheek, and something is discarded ... hide as unnecessary.

Without any hesitation, they beg ... the hotels, look out ... look for the most beautiful things, and then don’t yawn, keep your eyes open.