At the beginning of construction, laying the foundation is necessary. It is he who takes the load of all structural elements, and provides stability. Therefore, the construction of a solid foundation is the primary goal of any construction company. To create it, you need to build a pile structure. Piles are concrete pillars that are driven into the ground. As a rule, they are made of concrete. Piling machine is used to quickly perform this work.
General information
This technique was created in Soviet times.
At first it was used in construction in a cold climate zone. That is, some devices could not cope with hard hard soil. After that, they began to be mass-produced and used to create the foundation on various construction sites.
Foundation construction is carried out when the soil has weak properties and is unable to withstand future designs. Pile driving machine piles up to more durable layers of soil. It is also used to quickly build the foundation.
It becomes more reliable, and from an economic point of view it is profitable. It is also used to install screw piles. They are twisted into the ground at a certain distance, and provide reliable support. The screw type is used for complex terrain.
Piling installation can work in any climatic conditions, that is, it is able to function at outdoor temperatures from -40º to + 40º. Wind speed is not taken into account.
Manufacturers
Leading manufacturers of piling machines are Sweden, Italy, Japan and Germany.
Chelyabinsk Engineering Plant is the leader in the domestic market. It offers a wide selection of good quality devices. In addition, they offer spare parts for equipment, as well as assist in the repair or replacement of structural elements. By producing high-quality machines, they supply them not only in Russia, but also in other countries.
Application
Pile driving machine is used for the construction of bridges, roads, as well as large industrial plants.
It can also be found in conventional construction, where the installation works continuously. It so happens that piles are not driven, but produced at construction sites. In this case, the operation of the machine is to drill holes to a certain depth. Further, reinforcement is lowered into the well and concrete is poured.
Main types
There are such types of piling machines:
- Rail - mounted on rails. This type is used in the construction of residential areas, industrial structures or other facilities where it is necessary to use a large number of piles. The main advantage is considered power. Among the shortcomings highlight the complexity of the construction, bulkiness and high cost.
- Crawler - such installations are more powerful and can be rotated to large angles. If there is no need to install a rail type, the caterpillar type of machines is used. They can be found in the construction of civil buildings, industrial structures, as well as in the construction of moorings and ports. Work on a pile driving machine of this type is too slow. For transportation to other construction sites, additional platforms must be used.
- Wheel - the main advantages are high speed.
Structural elements of equipment
The device of the piling machine depends on the principle of operation. So, there are such types of installations:
- Mechanical machines. They are a massive and heavy percussion instrument, mounted on special rods. A heavy hammer rises to a distance of about 5 meters using a rope device. Then he scores the pile until it is lowered to a certain depth. Their disadvantage is low productivity, so they are not used on those construction sites where you need to perform a large amount of work.
- Vibration machines. This equipment is used only in the presence of soft soil, for example, loam or sand. In their design, imbalances are provided, which during operation create a strong vibration. In the future, it acts on the pile, and it sinks. Together with vibration, a shock moment is used. Piles can be pulled out at any time, if necessary. Pile driving machine, the photo of which is presented in the article, is a high-quality and reliable equipment.
- Shock machines. A special cylinder is installed in the upper part of the installation, and the shock element will move along it in the future. When the hammer drops, the air inside the cylinder is compressed. When hit on a pile, a combination of compressed air and fuel occurs, due to which additional energy arises, which is sent to enhanced immersion. Part of it is spent on the return of the shock element to its original position. At the top of the machine are valves. Some serve for air intake, and others - for the removal of combustion products. Some serve for air intake, and others - for the removal of combustion products. Due to its strength, this type of equipment is widely used for both civil and industrial purposes.
Piling machine: specifications
Among the technical characteristics distinguish such as:
- performance;
- pile immersion depth;
- overall dimensions of piles;
- lifting speed;
- carrying capacity;
- overall dimensions of the mast and its inclination;
- tractor performance.
When choosing a piling device, first of all, attention is paid to the maximum diameter of the pile, as well as its length.
Piling machine: principle of operation
The principle of operation of a piling machine is continuous drilling of soil.
This applies to rigs. By rotating the screw, a well of a certain depth is obtained. After that, the pile is lowered into it and driven into the ground with a percussion instrument. The entire process of work is performed by the driver sitting in the cab. This is very convenient, since if you need to do another action, you do not need to transport the device and change structural parts. Using this equipment, the following actions are performed:
- the pile rises at a distance of 5 meters and is fixed in the hammer support;
- establishes the future direction of entry of the pile;
- support blocking;
- removal of excess pile elements.
Pile driving occurs until the mark specified in the construction project is reached. In this case, a refusal order is issued. This mark shows the depth value at the last hammer hit.
In the process, builders monitor the angle of inclination of the pile. If the indicator deviates, then work is done to return to the specified parameters. If the actions do not help, then the pile is pulled out and the process begins anew.
Reviews
Pile driving machine is used in the construction of foundations of various civil and industrial buildings. Any builder who does this is familiar with this equipment. There were no special complaints about work, only continuous positive feedback.
Equipment can only fail if it is improperly selected for the construction site. This takes into account the nature of the soil, climatic conditions and type of work. There are only minor flaws when using rail and track types. The negative sides of the first type are the bulkiness of the structure, high cost and time-consuming installation. The disadvantages of tracked vehicles is the problem in transportation. For transportation to another construction site, special platforms must be used.
Cost
Of course, buying a piling machine is quite expensive.
They are needed for many construction companies, which will further deal with the installation of foundations. Today, their cost reaches 500 thousand dollars.
Obviously, not everyone can pull such an amount. For one-time use, you can also rent equipment. This method is becoming more common. Depending on the technical characteristics and features of the construction site, different types of piling devices are rented. The price varies from five hundred to four thousand rubles per hour.
Conclusion
When choosing a piling machine, it is necessary to take into account the type of work, as well as the climatic conditions of the terrain and the condition of the soil. Another important indicator is the volume of construction work. Not all piling installations are able to fulfill the required volume.
If all factors are taken into account correctly, then the foundation will turn out to be solid and reliable. Pile driving machines, the characteristics of which meet all construction conditions, perform quality work. In addition, additional drilling equipment can be installed on such equipment, which serves to produce wells of various depths.
So, we found out all the main features of these machines.