Cucumbers are vegetables that are great for growing both in the garden and in the greenhouse. Through the efforts of breeders, a large number of varieties were bred, each of which has its own characteristics. Therefore, it can be difficult to find the variety that suits you in all respects. To facilitate the choice, you must first familiarize yourself with the list of the most productive cucumbers for greenhouses made of polycarbonate, film and other materials.
Classification
As mentioned earlier, there are a huge number of different varieties of cucumbers. They are usually classified according to several criteria. Among them are the ripening dates and harvest time. Given the months in which the fruits ripen, all varieties of cucumbers are divided into early, middle and late. They are also winter-spring, spring-summer and summer-autumn.
Trying to understand which cucumber variety is the most fruitful for the greenhouse, gardeners do not always pay attention to one important thing: this vegetable can be universal, salad or intended for conservation. Here are the features of each of the types:
- Canned cucumbers have a thin skin and have a sweet aftertaste. They are usually used for pickles, but can also be consumed fresh.
- Salad varieties are characterized by a thick upper skin. It is not customary to heat them.
- Universal cucumbers are the best option. They can be eaten fresh or used in cooking.
When choosing a variety, it is very important to pay attention to which of the above categories a particular variety belongs to.
Zozulya F1
This variety of greenhouse cucumbers is a hybrid. Vegetables are ripe, the first ovaries form about six weeks after planting in open ground. Bushes are beautiful, compact. The pentagonal leaves are bright green. They are small, rounded. The ovary is cylindrical; its smooth surface is practically without tubercles. Ripe vegetable has a bright green glossy color with a slightly pronounced edge of white. Pimples are very few or not at all.
Professionals believe that this hybrid is the most productive in its subgroup. Fruits with excellent flavoring qualities reach a mass of 220-320 g. The variety is universal, so it can be pickled and used for salads. Fruiting is plentiful and friendly. Another advantage of this variety is that vegetables are resistant to common diseases, such as white rot, spotting.
Herman F1
The cucumber described in our article is also a hybrid. The culture is early ripe, already 40 days after planting in the soil, the fruits begin to ripen. The bushes are medium-sized, ovary bunch. If you take care of the cucumbers correctly, then 6-7 fruits can form on each node. This variety can be grown under various conditions, including in film greenhouses.
The appearance of the fruit is quite attractive: they have a rich green color, and in shape resemble an even cylinder. When ripe, small tubercles appear on the peel. In length, cucumbers reach 10-12 cm. The diameter of each fruit is about 3 cm, and the weight varies between 70-90 grams.
Gardeners note that the cucumbers taste sweet, there is no bitterness. They can be salted, pickled and consumed fresh. The variety is high-yielding. From 1 m 2 you can collect up to 9 kg of fruit. It is very important that it is resistant to powdery mildew and cladosporiosis.
Courage F1
This variety was bred by domestic breeders. The variety of cucumbers Courage, the description of which is given in our article, is early ripening, begins to bear fruit in the seventh week after planting. It is grown in greenhouses from the film. The variety is vigorous, in the nodes 3 ovaries are formed, in each of which 5-6 fruits.
Description cucumbers varieties Courage should continue with a story about the appearance of the fruit. Dark cucumbers have a green color with light stripes, tubercles and white spikes on the skin. Fruits reach a length of 12-15 cm, their weight is about 100 grams. With proper care, from 6 to 8 kg of delicious cucumbers are formed on one bush, which can be preserved and consumed fresh.
Masha F1
This is a popular hybrid of Dutch breeding, which refers to early varieties. Cucumber Masha F1 bears fruit a month after planting in the ground. The culture reaches medium size, forms up to 7 fruits in each node.
They resemble a cylinder in shape, the skin is dark green. There are spikes on it. Cucumbers are small, only 9 cm long and 3 cm in diameter, but up to 11 kg of fruit can be collected from one square meter. Cucumber Masha F1 is resistant to the cucumber mosaic virus, cladosporiosis and powdery mildew, which positively affects the choice of gardeners.
Shosha F1
The variety was bred by a domestic breeder and quickly gained popularity. He is an early ripe, high-yielding. In plants, at least three ovaries are formed in each node. The dark green tuberous fruits, having the shape of a cylinder, reach a length of 9 to 11 cm and have a mass of 50-80 g.
When grown in open ground, you can collect up to 12 kg, and in greenhouse conditions - up to 18 kg of cucumbers with 1 m 2 . The variety conquered the hearts of gardeners with good resistance to many diseases, including vein yellowing virus, target-like spotting, powdery mildew and cucumber mosaic.
Goosebump F1
Experienced gardeners recommend growing in the greenhouses a variety of cucumbers Murashka F1, as it gives high yields: 7 or more kg from the bush. Each fruit grows up to 13 cm in length, and their weight reaches 110 grams. The crop begins to bear fruit in the seventh week after planting. The plant is vigorous, its branching is medium. The ovaries are laid in the form of bundles.
Cucumber Murashka F1 is suitable for growing in greenhouses. The surface of the cucumbers is tuberous, the flesh is delicious. The fruits are used for harvesting for the winter. In addition, they make salads, eat fresh. The culture is resistant to powdery mildew and root rot.
Emelya F1
This hybrid can be used for salting, and for the preparation of salads. It was bred specifically for growing cucumbers in a polycarbonate greenhouse. The variety is early ripening; fruiting begins within 5-6 weeks after planting seeds in the ground. Bushes have many lashes; flowers do not need to be pollinated artificially. The yields of these bright green cucumbers are high. The fruit reaches a length of 13-15 cm, and the weight is 150 grams. Emelya cucumber F1 is suitable for growing in heated greenhouses, so you can plant seeds even in January.
Marina Grove F1
This high-yielding hybrid can be grown in any conditions. He showed himself well in greenhouses, and under film coatings, and in beds. Under favorable conditions and proper care, you can collect up to 10 kg of fruit from each bush.
Cucumbers are small, no more than 12 cm long. The color of their peel is delicately emerald, the skin is dense, with a large number of tubercles and white spines. Cucumber Maryina grove F1 demanding care. The advantages of this variety include resistance to temperature extremes, high productivity and resistance to common diseases.
Boy with thumb F1
One of the best varieties intended for cultivation in a greenhouse is a cucumber Boy with a thumb F1. He deserved a positive assessment of gardeners. It can be grown even on not very fertile soils, because it is unpretentious. Green cucumbers grow to 9 cm in length. Their weight is 90 grams. The shape of the fruit is oval. The peel is covered with small tubercles and spikes of white color. Cucumbers Boy with a finger F1 have a dark green color.
Equipment
Above was a list of the best varieties of cucumbers intended for growing indoors. Now we will talk about this process. Start with the necessary equipment.
Experienced gardeners are advised to give preference to such a greenhouse, the ratio of volume and area of which is 2 to 1. The height should reach at least 2 meters. It should be noted that in closed ground cucumbers grow up to 3 meters per season. The optimum height is approximately 2.5-3 meters. This will allow you to adjust the size of the bushes and the warmth of the air in the room.
Be sure to install a ventilation system. Best if it is automatic. Place the greenhouse on a flat surface. A slight slope to the south is allowed. To make the plants better lit, you need to install a greenhouse in the direction from north to south. A container of water should be provided inside. It is important to remember that it is better to water cucumbers with warm water.
Soil preparation
Growing cucumbers in a greenhouse made of polycarbonate or any other material implies proper soil preparation. These vegetables love fertile loose soil. It is such a soil that you need to take for growing cucumbers from seeds or seedlings.
But the soil must be water-retaining, because cucumbers love moisture. For this reason, experienced gardeners do not recommend using peat for growing these vegetables. Acidity must also meet certain requirements. The pH should not exceed 7 units.
It is best to prepare a substrate for seedlings of cucumbers from sand, humus and sod land in a ratio of 1: 2: 3. After you mix everything, sift the resulting soil, calcine in the oven or freeze. It is best to prepare the mixture in advance, and leave it on the balcony for the winter to kill pathogens. Immediately before sowing, add 2 tablespoons of superphosphate, a liter of vermiculite and a glass of ash to the soil. This will make it loose.
Transplanting
After carrying out all preparatory procedures, you need to plant seedlings in the ground. Do this when the soil temperature reaches 15 ° C. To check whether the temperature has risen to the required level, cover the place where you plan to plant the cucumbers with plywood or a board and take measurements in the morning with a thermometer. Place it to a depth of 20 cm for several minutes.
To plant seedlings, you need to make a small hole in fertilized soil. The distance between adjacent recesses should be approximately 40-60 cm. The soil is poured with warm water with a solution of potassium permanganate, then shoots are placed there and slightly compacted near the shoot.
Watering
Suppose you choose which cucumber variety is the most fruitful for a greenhouse. But the plant will not give enough fruit if it is improperly looked after. Therefore, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements for growing cucumbers. Watering is an important factor affecting the yield of bushes, their appearance and health. The procedure must be carried out often to prevent leaf wilting.
The need for regular watering is due to the structure of the root system of the plant. It is located at the very surface of the soil, so cucumbers cannot receive nutrients and water from great depths. In the hot season, you need to water them daily.
It is best to do this by sprinkling: pour water in small drops. This will increase the humidity level in the greenhouse, and the roots can better absorb moisture. You can not water cucumbers with cold water, as this will contribute to the development of various diseases.
Top dressing
Fertilizing is a very important process. It is necessary to feed the plant 1-2 times a month. It is best to use organic fertilizers, such as ash. In addition, sometimes mineral supplements should also be applied. Give preference to nitrogen fertilizers. They can be used only when the plant is strong.
Lighting
The lighting system for greenhouses should be installed in advance. Remember that the yield of cucumbers depends on the light intensity. No less important is the duration of daylight hours. It should be 10-12 hours.
Temperature
Cucumbers are thermophilic plants. Cold negatively affects the appearance of the culture, its health and productivity. In the greenhouse, you need to maintain a temperature of 17 ° C. However, in the first days after planting seedlings or seeds, it is necessary that the air warms up to 25-28 ° C. On hot days, when the temperature rises to 30 ° C, you need to ventilate the room and spray the bushes.
Humidity
The culture is very demanding on air humidity. The indicator should be 85-95%. At low humidity, you cannot achieve a rich harvest.
Ventilation
In the first days after transplanting seedlings into the ground, it is not necessary to ventilate the greenhouse too often. In the future, the culture needs to be aired, especially on hot days. It is necessary to ensure that there are no drafts. It is best to open the vents on one side only.
How to form a bush
What sort of cucumber is the most fruitful for the greenhouse, we found out. But even the best variety will not give the expected yield if the bushes are incorrectly formed. This can be done by pinching. Cucumbers are tied up. The first three ovaries are removed so that the culture can throw all its strength into further growth. In lateral sprouts, pinch the growth point after the appearance of the ovaries.
The plant is securely fixed. When the main stem grows to half a meter, the lower side shoots, ovaries and inflorescences are removed. At a height of 1-1.5 m, 3-4 shoots with two ovaries are left. After another 50 cm, 4 ovaries are left on each shoot. It turns out a kind of "Christmas tree".
Tying
Sometimes you need to tie up cucumbers. This is necessary if the greenhouse has poor lighting. In addition, in this position, the lashes are well ventilated, the process of caring for the crop is simplified, almost all the ovaries are preserved. It will be easier for you to water and loosen the soil, it will be easier to see the fruits in the process of harvesting.
For the first time, the plant is tied up at the age of one month, because during this period it grows up to 30-40 cm. You can use synthetic twine 2 m long. One end is fixed between the lower leaves, after which the lash is carefully wrapped clockwise around the rope.
Harvesting
You need to harvest in time, because large fruits take a lot of nutrients. Therefore, they are cut off when they grow to 10-15 cm in length. With one hand you need to hold the lash, and with the other carefully harvest. During the period of mass fruiting, cucumbers are collected once every 2 days or daily. Crooked and diseased fruits must be removed without waiting for their ripeness, because they deplete the culture.
Diseases and Pests
Cucumbers are heat- and moisture-loving plants. It is this environment that promotes the propagation of pathogens. In order to prevent their appearance, in the spring you need to thoroughly wash the greenhouse. You can use laundry soap and a sulfur checker. Before this, you need to carefully close all the cracks.
It is better to take the soil for cucumbers from those beds where pumpkin crops were not grown for several years. You can water the soil with a solution of copper sulfate. Cucumbers are very resistant to powdery mildew, rot and spotting. When deciding which cucumber variety is the most fruitful for the greenhouse, be sure to check with the seller what diseases are not terrible for a particular variety.
Observing all these rules, you can get an excellent harvest.