The Russian language has six cases that express certain roles of nouns in sentences: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. One of the indirect cases is the dative case in Russian. It occupies a special place in comparison with other indirect cases, since it is opposed to them by the fact that it has its own semantics.
The dative case indicates the object to which the action is directed, the addressee (for example, write to sister, help parents), the object (for example, celebrate birth, belong to the child), the object of state and properties (for example, fidelity to what was said, devotion to the owner). It expresses the attitude that determines the purpose of the subject (a hymn to work), is used in impersonal sentences to convey the state of the subject (the child was unwell, he wanted to sleep). The dative case answers the question (sometimes you can mentally substitute the word “give”) “to whom?”, “What?”, “Where?”, “Where?”.
Dative case, in comparison with other indirect cases, can be used with fewer primitive prepositions (“k” and “po”). In a notional position, the dative case in Russian with the pretext “k” can fulfill the function of an informative and complementary form (refer to the most famous sayings), have an objective meaning (respect for parents), have a definitive meaning (in the place: go to the door; in time : warming by noon; according to purpose and purpose: food for dinner).
In an unexplained position, the dative case with the preposition “k” has the meaning of a predicative sign (singing ability), object value during determination (something bright is missing for this dress), the definitive and circumstantial value of place and time (it got warmer in the evening). When using the preposition “by” in a notional position, the dative case has the following meanings: object (to knock on a tree, miss a brother), definitive with place values (to go on the road), time (to sleep at night), reasons (say by mistake), goals (verification call). In an unapproachable position, these are the values of the predicative sign (longing for the parental home), the subjective value (everyone has the book left) and the definitive value (the store does not work on Sundays).
The dative case is combined with such irregular pretexts: in contrast to (said), thanks to (mother), contrary to (to oneself), following (company), contrary to (fate), in relation to (professor), according to (contract), according to (goals) ), judging by (quantity). When
declensing nouns, it is especially worth paying attention to the dative
case, the endings of which depend on the
type of declension of the
noun itself. The nouns of the first declension (masculine and feminine, which end in "-a", "-i") in the dative case ending have "-e", "-i" in the singular (for example, mother, wall, history, aunt ) and "-am", "-yam" - in the plural (for example, moms, uncles).
Nouns of the second declension (masculine and neuter endings with a zero ending and ending with “-o”) of the singular endings have “-u”, “-th” (for example, a window, a table) and the plural “-am”, “- holes "(for example, windows, tables) in the dative case. The nouns of the third declension (ending in a soft sign) in the dative case endings have "-i" in the singular (for example, at night, on the fabric) and "-am", "-y" in the plural (for example, at night , on the tissues).