Transformer substations are an integral part of modern energy supply infrastructure. They are used at the stage of electricity distribution, allowing to minimize the processes of distortion of the characteristics of the current during its transmission over long distances. There are different types of objects that differ in the features of the structural design, approach to installation and operation. In turn, a mast transformer substation is the most common structure of this type, providing a number of advantages.
Mast Substation Overview
The mast, or pole, substation is made in the form of a single transformer block, which, depending on the characteristics, can operate with a power range of 25-250 kVA. During operation, such installations can, on average, receive AC electricity with a voltage index of about 6 kV. Provided that the installation is of good quality, the pole-type transformer substation is able to maintain optimal operating parameters both in cold weather and at high temperatures in the summer.
Of great danger are threats associated with the direct function of such objects. Depending on operating conditions, there may be risks of short circuits, line overloads, interphase failures and overvoltages. For this reason, already in the basic configuration, the mast transformer substation is equipped with a wide range of protective systems. In addition, electrical and mechanical interlocks are provided to ensure safety for service personnel.
Mast substation designation
The function of a transformer substation is associated with the need to reduce losses in power lines. This task can be achieved in different ways, but in this case, the installation should provide an increase in voltage in the network. For this, the substation is provided with an electrical installation that performs the function of converting and distributing energy. Several components are involved in the workflow, among which are switchgears, control systems and auxiliary mechanisms that provide tasks to support the operation of the structure itself. Again, depending on the scope and operating conditions, the distribution of electrical energy by the mast substation can occur with different characteristics of the power system. Also, in some models, the task of accounting for electricity is provided. It is achieved with the help of pre-installed counters, which can work both on the principle of electrochemical reactions and due to mechanical action.
Operating principle
The source of energy supplied by the substation is full-fledged electricity generation facilities. From them, voltage is supplied to the conversion and distribution substation, which is most often located nearby. The aforementioned function of increasing voltage in order to minimize losses in the line is performed due to the action of step-up transformer units. In the future, a step-down transformer can also act as an electricity receiver, which optimizes the voltage characteristics to optimal from the point of view of use in the local network. In order to perform these tasks stably, the mast transformer substation must be regularly cooled. Typically, cooling systems are devices with oil supply mechanisms. This is one of the systems that increase the reliability of substations of this type.
Types of mast substations
There are two approaches to the implementation of the structural design of such substations. A simpler option is a complete transformer substation, which has an A-shaped external design. The structure of such structures includes a set of disconnectors with drive mechanisms, discharge elements, fuses and directly the power transformer unit with a distribution module.
The second option is a sophisticated, more functional and productive U-shaped station. And if the first variety is most often complete, then in this case, installation can be done using ready-to-install blocks. However, a complete transformer substation is often used in this configuration. The composition of this system includes the same set of components, but with some differences. In particular, the U-shaped station also has voltage limiters, and the distribution module is usually represented by low voltage devices
How is a pole transformer substation installed?
Installation activities include several operations, including equipment delivery, assembly operations and fastening of supporting elements. Next, the installation position is verified, after which the prepared blocks are filled with electrical equipment. Direct connection of devices among themselves is made only after the final audit and configuration of devices. Usually the mast transformer substation is equipped with equipment using special equipment. For example, a power transformer can be lifted to a support by a truck crane. Then the unit is fastened - on reinforced concrete supports, fixing is carried out using a metal frame, which, in turn, is held on the support by metal clamps.
Conclusion
Pillar substations due to their design are widespread in various industries. Enterprises produce special models for operation in agriculture, improve the basic series for universal use, develop powerful complete structures to serve the needs of industrial facilities, etc. But regardless of design, the mast-type transformer substation is confidently developing in technological terms. Manufacturers produce components of a new generation, whose work is already based on the principles of automation. On the one hand, this transition complicates the design and management of them, but on the other hand, it allows to optimize energy costs and financial maintenance costs, not to mention increasing reliability and safety.