Easy-to-clean window constructions are designed to reduce the excess pressure that occurs during the interaction of combustible gas-dust-air mixtures inside a production, warehouse or other premises. They are subject to certain technical requirements. Standards relating to quality are established by GOST. Easily erasable designs vary in scope, method of attachment of the rotary element and other features. Let us consider them in detail below.
GOST classification
Easily erasable structures are devices that ensure the opening of the opening when exposed to loads. As mentioned above, these devices vary depending on the scope. In particular, easy-to-erase constructions of industrial buildings and residential structures are used. Depending on the type of opening the opening, they distinguish:
- Rotary devices. Such easy-to-reset designs are fitted with a sash. In the presence of excess pressure from an internal deflagration explosion, it opens out due to the rotation of the attachment loops around the axis.
- Movable, easy-to-reset structures for explosion protection of industrial buildings and residential buildings. In this case, a double-glazed window or a frame with a double-glazed window is provided. The displaced element falls out under the influence of excessive pressure.
Another category stands out. Easily erasable designs differ in the type of sash fastening. It may include a horizontal or vertical hinge. An example of easily resettable designs of various types is presented in the article.
Designation
Easily removable structures for explosion protection of industrial buildings are indicated in the technical documentation as LKOS. In addition, it is necessary to indicate the scope. For industrial enterprises, this is the abbreviation PR, for residential, respectively, J. In addition, there should be an indication of the type of opening of the opening: C - displaceable, P - rotary. For designs of some types, the designation of a technical or regulatory document is given.
Specifications
Easily erasable explosion-proof structures with double-glazed windows must be made in accordance with the requirements of the standard, the set of technical documentation depending on the material used to create the translucent part and frame elements, the architectural pattern, the method of placement of the sash or movable part, the normalized operational properties, model. They should include locking devices that perform safety functions. These elements can be represented in the form of latches, destructible, and other elements, through which the pivoting leaf or displaceable part is released under the influence of excessive pressure.
Installation
Easily removable enclosing structures are used in the premises of structures or fire compartments of warehousing and industrial purposes cat. A and B. Installation of products in other places is allowed. For example, installation in non-categorized buildings, cat. B, D, G to ensure resistance to explosions.
Additionally
The locking safety components, when an excess pressure of 0.7 kPa is reached in the room, must ensure the opening of the sash or the discharge of the displaceable part. Reliability of operation of the design is provided in case of operation at a temperature of -30 ... +45 degrees. The opening angle of the sash should be at least 90 degrees. Locking safety devices in movable structures are designed in such a way as to ensure complete opening of the opening. When these elements are functioning, energy from the reaction of a combustible gas-air mixture is used. The use of additional power sources is not required.
Technical requirements
Easily erasable designs consist of standard frame parts. These include, in particular, sashes, canvases, boxes, transoms and window leaves. In addition, a special element is provided - a displaceable part or a pivoting sash. The functioning of the structure is ensured by the insertion of these components into a standard frame. In this case, special elements must be equipped with a locking safety device. Installation of a movable part or a rotary leaf is carried out so that this does not interfere with the operation of the entire unit. The connection of the corner elements can be done using spikes and glue, welding, mechanical bonds, etc.
Important point
Easily removable structures intended for installation in administrative and residential buildings should provide the possibility of ventilation. The product is made so that after installation it is possible to replace its elements (glass, locking devices, gaskets, etc.) without violating the integrity of the unit. Swing details of structures mounted in residential, administrative and public buildings must open into the room. An exception is products equipped with external swing doors. Glued double-glazed windows are used to fill the translucent part.
Easily erasable structures in the boiler room, warehouse or production hall may not be equipped with opening elements, with the exception of the swing leaf. At the same time, if natural light is not required for these rooms , the double-glazed window can be replaced by a sandwich panel or other opaque material, if this is provided for in the design documentation. In this case, the operating characteristics established by the standard, except for the light transmission coefficient, must be preserved.
Regulations
State standards establish requirements that must comply with:
- Area of easily erasable structures.
- Sash sag limits.
- The size of the gaps in the narthex.
- Arrangement of loops and devices.
- The strength of the elements.
- The quality of the materials.
- Glazing method.
- Double-glazed windows.
- Gaskets.
- The form.
- Appearance.
- Clean surface finish.
- The quality of the coatings.
Standards for these characteristics are present in GOST-23166.
Materials and components
Easily erasable designs are carried out in accordance with the design and technical documentation. It indicates the parameters of materials and components used in the manufacture of products. All parts and raw materials for production must have passports, which bear the mark of the technical control department, or quality certificates. Components, materials and protective and decorative coatings used in production must be resistant to climatic influences. The main elements include:
- Glass / double-glazed windows.
- Devices for locking.
- Gaskets.
- Hinges.
- Locking safety devices.
In the manufacture of products are also used:
- Decoration Materials.
- Adhesives.
The specified raw materials and components are tested for strength in specialized accredited centers. As a translucent structural element, sheet glass is used that complies with GOST-111, a double-glazed window in accordance with GOST-24866. They must be resistant to wind loads according to building rules and regulations. The minimum permissible thickness parameters are determined depending on the dimensions of the flaps, type of glazing, resistance class and grade of glass. Hinges, devices, fasteners are used in accordance with GOST-538. Components must have documentation on sanitary safety, drawn up in the prescribed manner. The devices used in the construction also have certain requirements:
- The resistance value of the static load acting on the elements is not less than 500 N.
- The force that is applied to the valves during the closing process to the required compression level of the gaskets is not more than 120 N.
Equipment
Easy-to-reset designs are supplied complete. The kit includes:
- The product itself.
- Passport with a mandatory acceptance mark in the technical control department.
- Installation Instructions
- Terms of use.
Passport
This document contains information on:
- Name and address of the manufacturer or its trademark.
- Designation symbol.
- Certification, batch number.
- The main technical characteristics of the product. Here, among other things, the excess pressure is indicated at which the safety devices are opened, as well as the specific gravity of the sash or displaceable part.
- Warranty Statement.
- The number of items in the batch.
- Certification of components.
- Shipment date.
The passport may contain instructions for installation and subsequent operation of the product in separate sections.
Marking
It is carried out by a label or waterproof paint. Marking is applied to the non-front side of the upper section of the vertical profile. The designation must contain:
- Name or trademark of the manufacturer.
- Designation symbol according to the norms of the standard.
- Sign of appeal.
- Serial number of construction / batch, production date.
Marking on a transport container is applied with black ink on a stencil. General rules for designations on the packaging are provided in GOST-14192. Requirements for font size, application methods are given in technical documents.
Packaging
Transportation of easily ejected structures is carried out in containers in accordance with GOST-23170. Products are placed in boxes using spacers (foam pallets). The norms do not prohibit the transportation of structures without handles, which are included in the package along with fasteners. Devices or their parts prior to installation on the product must be packed in plastic film or other material that ensures their safety. Requirements for containers are given in the design documents. Allowed the transportation of structures by truck in racks located at an angle of 10-15 degrees. subject to the preservation of their external (marketable) appearance. In this case, the products are packed in plastic film.
Installation requirements
They are described in the installation instructions. Installation of structures is carried out by representatives of specialized enterprises, buyers on their own, or by employees of teams of manufacturers. The instructions should include:
- Technical requirements for installation.
- Safety regulations.
- List of parts and materials, including fasteners, used during installation.
- Contents and installation steps.
Security requirements
They are given in the operating instructions. Designs must be safe and reliable during use and during maintenance. The displaced part or pivoting sash is equipped with a bright red label. Warning signs should be present on it: "Caution! Do not pile on! Opens out." The safety of the displaced element or the sash against unauthorized opening from the outside can be ensured by the installation of a security alarm on the window. Other technical means are allowed provided that they do not impede the functioning of the product.
Acceptance rules
Structures must be tested by the technical control department. The product’s marking and a mark in the passport serve as confirmation of acceptance. Designs are tested in batches. They should be understood as the number of products made in one shift according to one model.
Compliance with quality indicators
It is provided by:
- Incoming inspection of components and materials.
- Operational supervision of the production process.
- Acceptance tests of finished products.
- Party acceptance checks.
- Periodic test.
Transportation
Transportation of structures is carried out using any type of transport, ensuring the preservation of quality. This can be a containerized or containerless way of transporting products fastened in packs, in accordance with the requirements stipulated by regulatory documents. Transportation of structures is carried out according to the rules for the movement of goods in force for a particular type of vehicle.
Storage
The conditions for the content of structures must comply with GOST-15150. Storage of products in unheated dry rooms is allowed. They can be placed in containers or stored vertically on wooden linings. In the latter case, the angle of inclination of the structures 10-15 degrees must be observed.
Other directions
Safety measures during the installation of structures, preparation for installation, as well as during the operation of products must comply with the requirements specified in the instructions. Inspection, repairs and maintenance are carried out only by qualified personnel. It is forbidden to unauthorized opening of the sash or displaceable part, opening, adjustment or repair of the locking safety device.