When organizing production, one cannot but proceed from certain principles, the appropriate use of which will increase the efficiency of work at the enterprise and make the expenditure of resources more rational. The main principles of the organization of production include: the principle of differentiation, specialization, concentration and integration, proportionality, straightforwardness, parallelism, rhythm, continuity, flexibility, automatism, electronization. All of them differ from each other in importance and may have different values in different conditions.
The principle of differentiation refers to the division of production into several technological processes, transitions, operations and techniques. Analysis of an individual element makes it possible to select the most favorable conditions for its implementation, which ensure the minimization of the costs of all resources. However, excessive differentiation becomes the cause of increased employee fatigue in manual operations due to the intensity and monotony of production processes.
The principle of differentiation follows the principle of concentration and integration when using modern equipment. Organization of production provides for a reasonable combination of all the basic and additional processes that can provide the least time for its successful implementation. Do not forget that the main goal of organizing production is to save time and ensure production efficiency and high quality products.
The following principles of the organization of the production process are considered general and can occur both individually and collectively.
The principle of specialization of production is based on minimizing the variety of work and processing modes of production. For example, in order to make the organization of the production process more expedient, in some cases employees have to master related specialties to ensure the interchangeability of employees in production. Similar principles of organization also imply a limitation of the range of products or parts.
The principle of proportionality is based on the consistency of all elements of production, and primarily on production capacity and productivity. It must be observed in both the main and auxiliary processes.
The parallel work in production means the simultaneous execution of production operations, as well as the fact that the principles of organization equally affect the production process and its individual elements. Parallelism can occur both when performing a single operation and in related operations and processes.
The next principle is the principle of directness . It implies providing the shortest path for the movement of assembly units and parts during production. The principle of continuity is expressed in the continuity of the equipment and workers and the movement of the subject of labor. This principle, like other principles of organization, is very important in the production process.
The principle of rhythm is based on the release of equal volumes of products. Rhythm allows you to use the production capacity of the enterprise most fully and efficiently.
In the context of the modern production process, it is very important to observe the principle of automaticity , since it is it that increases the intensification and production efficiency. Automation leads to an increase in the quality of work, an increase in the total volume of production of parts, the replacement of manual labor by intellectual, and so on.
As you can see, the principles of organization of production are very diverse, but all of them directly affect the production process and its quality, so it is important to adhere to each of them in appropriate situations at different stages of production.