Before the appearance of perms in the early twentieth century, women sought to improve their appearance by forming curls and curls with the help of papillots. A breakthrough came in 1905, when Nesser invented an apparatus for hairdressing operations of such a plan. It consisted of metal rods onto which ladies were wound, treated with a solution of sodium hydroxide, after which the “curlers” were heated using current. The first waving experiments were not always successful, because often accompanied by burns of the skin and completely damaged hair. The first “victim” of this process was the locks of K. Nesseser's wife, on whom he checked the operation of his device. Things are different these days.
Today, there are many types of perms. Operations in an acidic environment are distinguished among them (stable curls are formed, but the effect on the hair is very strong), alkaline (lasts up to three months, does not injure curls), hair styling using neutral solutions (very soft effect, curling optimally affects the hair on any plot).
Among the perms, the operation performed using acids from the thioglycolic group is special. It can even be done on dyed hair, because drugs do not give excessive swelling of the strands, which allows to maintain their quality. Also, a waving based on amino acid agents gives a good effect. She already in the process heals injured curls. Note that curls using soft products do not last long and are not suitable for long heavy hair, because In this case, curls will intensively “develop” under the hairstyle’s own weight.
Perm for medium hair is selected based on their condition and quality. If they are dry, and the scalp is prone to irritation, then it is better not to order acid chemistry. With straight and stiff hair of the oriental type, the alkaline option will not work, because he will hold on to strength for a month and a half.
How the hairstyles will look after applying perm, also depends on the method of winding. This can be processing on papillots (they give curls similar to natural ones), on a pigtail (you get a wavy “mane”), on a hairpin (curls will look like curving snakes, suitable for short and medium lengths). Wrapping from the category of "twin" can give an interesting effect, because part of the length is wound horizontally, and part - vertically. For short, weak hair, root chemistry can be done to increase hair volume.
A large perm, the photo of which is presented in the article, can be obtained using special curlers (Olivia Garden), which, in combination with special preparations, give a firm curl (for medium-length hair). It is also possible to simulate the appearance using veloformers, which are latex bags in which curls are curled by compression (low resistance, the hair at the root remains straight).