In the center of word relations of each sentence are words that create a grammatical basis (predicative), in fact this is the main distinguishing feature of a sentence as a syntactic unit. That is, the grammatical basis is the organizing center, a kind of framework, the skeleton or the so-called main members of the sentence - the predicate and the subject. They are called the main ones for good reason, since they are grammatically independent of other members, occupy a dominant position in the sentence. The predicate and the subject mutually assume each other. So, the subject calls the subject of speech. And the predicate this subject of speech affirms, denies, characterizes by action, attribute, time, reality, etc.
Usually, the main members of a proposal are an obligatory part of it. They alone are enough to ensure that the sentence is a grammatically and meaningfully designed unit. Often there are sentences where there is only a grammatical basis. Examples: The sun is shining. Children are playing. Such proposals are called non-distributed, because do not have secondary members of the proposal. If the proposal includes other members of the proposal (secondary), then such a proposal is called common, for example: Children are playing on the street .
In addition, the grammatical basis of the sentence can consist of both the subject and the predicate (two-part sentences), and only one of the main members (one-part sentences), for example: Our children are our joy (two-part). Autumn I love autumn (one-piece).
Also, depending on the number of grammatical foundations, sentences are classified as simple and complex. If a sentence has one grammatical basis, then this is a simple sentence, two or more bases are complex. For example: Heavy rains (simple sentence). Snow will fall very soon and a real winter will begin (a complex offer).
Parsing without fail begins with the definition of the grammatical basis. For its correct definition, one should be able to find its components - subject and predicate. To do this, you need to know with what parts of speech the grammatical basis can be expressed.
So, the subject is expressed:
- Noun: Soon it will snow .
- In the name of the adjective: The new requires a lot of knowledge.
- Communion: The speaker is often mistaken.
- Infinitive: To live is to feel.
- Immutable parts of speech (interjection, adverb, preposition, particle, union): Tomorrow enters us bright and radiant.
- The phrase: My friend and I went fishing.
The predicate is expressed:
- Verb: The weather is nice.
- Noun: Moscow is the capital of Russia.
- Adjectives: I love the verses of the Russian heat.
- Adjective to a comparative degree: Every day, separation for me is longer than a year.
- Adverb: Everything is fine with us.
- Communion: Our family is involved in science.
- Sustainable phrase (phraseological unit): My health is neither good, nor good.
In addition, pay special attention to the correct definition of a compound nominal predicate, which consists of a connected verb and a nominal part ( He will soon become an astronaut ) and a compound verb predicate, which also consists of two parts: an auxiliary verb and an infinitive ( you must go to the meeting ) .
It should be noted that the correct definition of grammatical foundations helps to avoid mistakes when placing punctuation marks. So, in a complex sentence, punctuation marks are always placed, indicating the boundaries of simple sentences that make up their composition. The ability to determine the subject and the predicate will help to correctly place punctuation marks in a simple sentence, if both main members of the sentence are expressed in identical parts of speech, and in some other cases.