The basis of an innovative economy is many factors, the most important of which are intellectual activity, initiative, entrepreneurship as a factor of production. World practice has proved that free enterprise as a factor of production and products of intellectual activity are by far the most significant assets of any business entity.
The dominant position in world trade is occupied by the intellectual orientation of firms and corporations, ensuring the creation of modern technologies and their legal protection in promising markets. The struggle for exclusive (patent) rights to new technologies, new methods of doing business, computer operating systems and software products, and other fundamentally new solutions is intensifying. Information as a factor of production, in itself, has become the most valuable product, the possession of which is the key to economic success. In an innovative economy, production factors are innovative enterprise, as well as the possession of intellectual property.
The creation of strategic competitive advantages is ensured by increasing intangible assets in organizations (patents for inventions and industrial designs, certificates for trademarks, etc.), forming a portfolio of patents in order to maximize the exclusive rights to dispose of the created intellectual property. Obtaining exclusive rights to products of intellectual activity allows the owner to successfully sell their goods and services in the markets, prevent their competitors from copying them, and receive additional income from the sale of licenses. And entrepreneurship, as a factor in production or management, seems to be a special area where all these activities acquire an even more significant position. The reason for this is that the innovative path of several countries of the world has led to the formation of a new sector of world trade - the intellectual property market. The fastest growing article in this sector is trade in licenses for new technologies, software products, engineering, technical and consulting services, including services for the exchange and transfer of intellectual property products.
The annual growth rate of these services is about 10%. A growing number of countries are joining the trade in patented technologies. These are firms in South Korea, China, Singapore, Brazil, India and other countries. The Russian intellectual property market is also developing. But, at the same time, if world corporations and firms are moving towards increasing the share of intellectual capital and focus on creating legal protection and commercialization of intellectual property products, most domestic commercial and scientific organizations still exhibit relatively low inventive and patent-licensing activity, inefficient dispose of exclusive rights to the created intellectual property rights. Of the patents registered for 01.01.2011, only 33% of patents were valid for patents; only about 10% of inventions created are put into practical use annually (indicators for other objects are even lower), only about 5% of goods and services are legally protected in export countries less than 1% of inventions are patented under the international registration procedure. In 2010, of all the license agreements, there were: 19 (4%) containing patented inventions, 22 (4.7%) utility models, 6 (1.3%) industrial designs, 79 (16.9%) know-how, marks 331 (70.7%). About 80% of licensing agreements are concluded between residents of the country, which indicates that only the domestic market for licensed trade is developing and entrepreneurship, as a factor of production, is not yet developed in this segment.
The problems of ensuring legal protection of new technologies for goods exported, the commercialization of intellectual property rights, foreign patenting and the sale of licenses for domestic achievements are associated with insufficient funding for research and development, a reduction in the volume and financing of company and industry science, and a lack of resources for obtaining legal protection in foreign countries the lack of market mechanisms for stimulating authors and legal entities creating intellectual property rights, the lack of a modern infrastructure for ellektualnoy and commercial activities.
To solve these problems it is necessary:
- provide priority funding for the implementation of high-tech projects classified as strategically important for increasing export of products, the list of which should be determined by a special government decree;
- reduce the income tax rate for innovatively active organizations to 10%, exempt small and medium-sized businesses from paying income taxes;
- abolish the taxation of intangible assets of these entities when registering OIP;
- stimulate the creation and development of the infrastructure of innovative activities, including technology parks, business incubators, venture capital organizations, small innovative organizations by donating to them land plots and assets of state enterprises, scientific and educational institutions;
It also seems appropriate to develop:
a) technological schemes (models) for the commercialization of innovative developments containing intellectual property in the field of high technology as practical recommendations for business entities.
b) methodological materials for the sale and purchase of licenses for high-tech developments containing patented technical and art-design solutions.
c) guidelines for the wider use of modern brand technologies to increase the competitiveness of goods and the value of enterprises.