Spelling is a section of linguistics that studies the correct spelling of words in writing. In other words, this is the totality of all existing rules that determine the spelling of words and sentences.
Each spelling has its own spelling. And this is not surprising! Indeed, otherwise people simply would not understand the meaning of what was written. Or they could misunderstand something. Therefore, the question "why do you need spelling" can be answered as follows: "For a better understanding of what is written."
An example that can serve as a confirmation of this statement can be such a story. One illiterate wrote the word "pond" instead of the word "rod." And the proposal has completely changed its meaning! He wanted to say that the boy spoiled a twig, a twig, but it turned out that he was spoiled by a reservoir - a pond. There are a great many examples like this in Russian. If a teacher in a Russian lesson or other adults who are interested in having their child take spelling more seriously can make them into short, vivid stories, then the child will be able to understand why spelling is needed.
Children will understand such a situation, which could have arisen due to neglect of the rules of the Russian language or their elementary ignorance. Between the two schools are competitions in the form of a war game. The radio operator sends a message: “A cat is hidden under a broken birch! Look! ” “Scouts”, of course, are diligently looking for this cat, which for some reason was hidden under a birch, naturally, to no avail. The game is lost. And the "radio operator" is guilty of everything, who sent his people to look for a pet instead of a "code". Already here it becomes clear to everyone why spelling is needed!
There is also a practical way to prove the need for spelling rules. Does everyone know how they test reading techniques in elementary grades ? So, one person is given first a text printed in accordance with all the rules, and the result is counted. Then they give him another text in which errors abound. After comparison, the figures obtained give a clear explanation of why spelling is needed! In the second case, the result is much lower than in the first. This is due to the fact that the human brain itself is already tuned to read correctly written text and resists the perception of "abracadabra."
Spelling rules in the Russian language are based on three principles: phonetic, morphological and traditional. The main one is the morphological principle. It is based on the analogy of writing morphemes (root, suffixes, endings, prefixes) regardless of their sound (move - find - exit)
The traditional principle provides for the spelling of a word in the same way as it was written in antiquity or in the language from which it is borrowed. For example, the rule "Zhi-shi through" And "write!" shows the historical softness of hissing sounds. Often such rules are called etymological because they reflect the history of the word.
The phonetic principle is based on the letter designation of the sounds pronounced in each case. That is, pronunciation in this case becomes a support for spelling. A striking example is the writing of prefixes that end in "Z" or "C": without- or demon-, cart - or sun-, from - or is-, bottom- or nis-, once- or ras- (soulless - spineless , to lead - to revolt, to publish - to proceed). In these examples, the final sound is stunned in prefixes before the deaf consonants, which is reflected in the letter.
Russian spelling is famous for its long history, which explains some of the difficulties of spelling. In ancient Russia, for example, there was no difference between spelling and pronunciation of words, which cannot be said about our time.
General rules of Russian spelling are not so difficult to remember, as some people think. In order to write the correct consonant, which is located at the end of the word or in front of another consonant (“P” or “B”, “F” or “B”, “C” or “Z”), one should choose the same root word or change the form of the original so that after the consonant there would be a vowel. As a result, the consonant is written, which is clearly audible in the test word (threshing - threshing, spoon - spoon)
It is worth noting that spelling and punctuation are closely related. Today, in our speech, many spelling and punctuation points can be adjusted. For example, now you can use a dash instead of a colon. However, it should be borne in mind that this is just a variable use of punctuation marks. It follows that this rule does not apply in all cases.
And for clarity of the statement, why do we need to study punctuation, you can watch the wonderful cartoon "In the country of unlearned lessons." Remember the catchphrase about execution, when a correctly placed comma played a huge role? So, joking and playing, you can make a person out of an inveterate dunno who wants to learn the rules of the Russian language with all his might.