The rapid development of mankind, the rapid and constant progress of science and technology require the formation of a special style of speech, which is best suited for the expression and transfer of scientific knowledge. So one of the main functional variations of literary speech was formed - the scientific style.
This style characterizes the desire for accuracy of the naming: terms, unambiguous words, direct meanings of words prevail. Basically, the scientific style of speech is used in writing, which leads to the inevitable use of complete structures in sentences.
The language of science serves as a message; it acts only as a sign language. So, the scientist summarizes his observations with the help of concepts, abstractions and reports information about the subject. The scientific style of speech, being an instrument for creating formulas, concepts and the like, a burden for speech means that are devoid of individual emotionality, and signs that have scientifically logical signs and properties, a system of interconnectedness and abstract convention.
However, the scientific style of speech is not limited in imagery - scientists often use comparisons, trying to explain some idea is especially intelligible. Again, in scientific texts there are enough speech elements that express the subjective attitude of the author to the object of speech. However, this does not make imagery and subjectivity the essential features of this style.
The main objective of the scientific style is extremely clear and accurate explanation of the information communicated to the reader. And this is best achieved without involving emotional means of speech. After all, science refers primarily to the mind of man, and not to his feelings.
The main features of the scientific style of speech:
1. Use in scientific and technical works, scientific speeches (reports, lectures, etc.).
2. The objectives of the style is a concrete message of the general basic features of the subject, an explanation of the causes of the phenomena.
3. Characteristic features of the style. A statement usually happens:
- generalized, abstract (the wolf is described in general as a breed),
- emphasized logical (the presence of semantic connections and conclusions),
- objective (indicating links, citations, analysis of different points of view),
- evidence (argumentation, saturation of factual information).
4. Language tools :
- Book and neutral words are used with an abstract and generalized meaning: humanity, nature; resistance, magnet, and more.
- Scientific terms (among which there are a lot of international words): prefix, equation, electricity, diagram.
-Use of compound unions: due to the fact that, due to the fact that, while others.
-Use of first-person verbs in the plural and pronouns we (copyright we): compare, draw a conclusion.
- Verbs in the form of a third person of the present tense, which indicate a permanent (timeless) action: penguins live at the South Pole.
- The use of common narrative sentences.
- The predicate is often expressed by a noun or adjective.
In oral form, neutral intonation is used, a clear, complete pronunciation of words characterize the scientific style of speech. Examples of this style can be found in textbooks, dictionaries, scientific papers, articles and more:
A thesis is a provision that summarizes the main ideas of a lecture, report, scientific article, and more. Abstracts should include only the main provisions of the scientific message, which is written in the form of an affirmative judgment or in the form of a listing of phenomena. Abstracts can be compiled from quotations or formulated separately, possibly a combination of quotations and reformulated judgments. Specific facts are usually not included in the abstract. The main qualities of the thesis are its semantic richness and accessibility for perception.