Initially, the property of an enterprise is created at the expense of property that is transferred to it by the founders (deposits, shares, contributions). Property increases in the course of economic and industrial activities. It can be the object of various business and legal transactions, pledged, alienated, etc.
In most cases, the property of an enterprise is separated from the property of persons acting as its founders, participants or employees. For its debts, the enterprise is obliged to answer with its property. Various lawsuits of creditors and partners may be addressed to him in cases of failure to fulfill certain obligations that the enterprise assumed.
The property of an enterprise is the entire property complex used in the course of conducting business activities. In general, an enterprise is recognized by real estate as a property complex. It includes all types of property that are intended to carry out its activities. It includes land, structures, buildings, raw materials, equipment, inventory, rights of claim, products, debts, rights to designate the enterprise and its products (company name, service marks, trademarks), as well as other exclusive rights.
The property of the enterprise and its composition is determined as follows. It is divided into immovable and movable. It may be owned, managed or run by an enterprise.
Real estate of an enterprise is subsoil plots, land plots, water bodies, as well as everything connected with land (that is, objects that cannot be moved without disproportionate damage to their main purpose, including perennial plantations, buildings, forests, structures). The same group of property includes state-registered space objects, ships, sea, air, and inland navigation.
Movable property of an enterprise is all property that does not fall under the first group. This includes money, securities. These objects do not require registration of rights, except as otherwise provided by law.
The income received by the enterprise as a result of the use of property owned by it belongs to the enterprise, unless otherwise provided by law.
Transactions of legal entities on the alienation of property can be made only in writing, signed by the persons making these transactions.
All property of the enterprise, which is reflected in the balance sheet, is divided into the following types : fixed assets and intangible assets, profit (loss), capital and financial investments, materials, deferred expenses, finished products, capital and reserves, work in progress, raw materials, calculations with debtors and creditors.
In the event of an enterprise being declared bankrupt, property can be used by law to satisfy claims and claims of creditors. After this, the remaining property may be transferred to the founders or participants who have property or liability rights to it.
In order to survive and prevent bankruptcy, you need to know how to properly manage the property of the enterprise, what share should be its own funds and borrowed funds. An important role in solving these issues is played by the analysis of the property of the enterprise.
According to the legislation, the founders of the enterprise have binding rights to the property of business partnerships, as well as production cooperatives. If enterprises are state or municipal unitary enterprises, as well as subsidiaries, then the founders initially have the right of ownership to them or other property rights.