Finance is a basic category that has historically developed in the development of commodity-money relations. Then the financial policy of the enterprise is a complex of measures that is carried out by the administration, owner, labor collective in order to find finances and use them to carry out the main tasks and functions.
Thus, scientifically based concepts of financial activities are developed, key areas of spending financial funds are determined, focusing on short, medium and long-term periods, paying attention to the practical implementation of the developed strategy.
The financial policy of the enterprise is developed on the basis of studying the demand for manufactured products, evaluating the material, financial, intellectual, labor, information resources of the organization and preliminary forecasting the results of economic activity.
The set goals of the enterprise, its position on the market, the developed concept of financial activity have an impact on the direction of spending the financial resources of the enterprise. The financial policy of the enterprise is subordinated to the main goal - to most effectively and fully use and increase its financial potential.
The financial policy consists in the targeted use of financial resources to achieve tactical and strategic objectives, which are determined by the charter of the enterprise.
The financial policy includes the following links:
1) development of the concept of enterprise cash flow management, which will provide the optimal combination of protection against commercial risks and high profitability;
2) determination of the main directions of spending financial funds for a specific period: a decade, a month, etc., as well as in the near future;
3) the implementation of practical actions that are aimed at achieving specific goals.
The financial policy for the duration of the nature and period of the tasks is classified into:
- Financial tactics
- Financial strategy.
The financial policy of the enterprise is closely interconnected with the financial policy of the state, therefore it is considered in a complex. Macroeconomic, external environment affects the activities of the enterprise more than microeconomic, internal environment. Therefore, the financial policy of a particular enterprise depends on what priorities are outlined in the financial policy in the state, on its reality and validity.
The credit policy of the company allows you to reduce receivables, and subsequently, competently manage it. Credit policy of an enterprise is a specific code of rules that determines the procedure for collecting receivables and obtaining a trade credit. In most cases, it is developed and adopted for a calendar year, and subsequently revised in accordance with efficiency, and adjusted for the goals and objectives facing the enterprise in the current market conditions.
Competent credit policy consists of three large blocks of work that are ongoing:
- the provision of a commercial loan (for how long, to whom, to what extent, etc.);
- regular audit of receivables;
- The adoption of timely and adequate measures to collect overdue debts.
The tax policy of the enterprise is a system of techniques, techniques, methods that allow you to keep tax records, as well as generate, optimize, calculate and analyze tax indicators. Tax indicators are the amount of tax payments, including:
- the share of fees and taxes in the liabilities and assets of the enterprise;
- the ratio of the amounts of different taxes;
- tax solvency of the enterprise, etc.