Collegiality is a certain management method, using which the functions of managing a certain organization, institution or even the whole industry are assigned not to one specific person, but to a group of appointed or elected persons who have the same voting right.
The history of collegiality
Turning to the history of this concept, one can see that it dates back to the Great October Revolution, when the meaning of the word “collegiality” was equated with a universal method of control, up to the army. However, since 1918, Lenin launched a struggle against such an understanding of collegiality and chose the direction of one-man management.
Today collegiality is a decisive beginning in the organization of the activities of various bodies, including judicial ones. Moreover, in any operational apparatus, the so-called "principle of unity of command" must be strictly carried out.
The unity of collegiality and unity of command in management
The principle of collegiality and unity of command is implemented in the direction of overcoming authoritarianism and subjectivity in the management, for example, of the pedagogical process. In general management, it is very important to rely on the knowledge and experience of colleagues with the appropriate organization of their activities aimed at developing management rules with subsequent discussion and adoption of optimal decisions.
The interaction of collegiality and unity of command
In this aspect, collegiality is not an exception to the personal responsibility of individual team members for the work entrusted to them. Through unity of command, from a managerial point of view, discipline and order are ensured with a clear distinction and observance of the powers of all participants in any process.
Collegiality has a high priority at the discussion stage, followed by decision-making. The need for one-man management arises at the next stage - the implementation of decisions made earlier.
In management, one-man management and collegiality is a reflection of the unity of opposites. So, with the help of one-man management, it is possible to achieve efficiency in the execution of decisions, and some “slowness” is characteristic of collegiality. Thus, in the implementation of tactical actions it is advisable to use one-man management, and for strategic - the described management method.
The principle of collegiality
Under the principles of management are implied fundamental laws, ideas and rules of conduct for managers at various levels for the implementation of managerial functions. These are certain requirements and norms that guide employees of the system, including the management team of the organization.
Postulates in Management
Key management principles include:
- Skillful use and combination of collegiality and unity of command. At the same time, collegiality provides for the adoption of a collective decision based on the opinions of leaders at various levels.
- Scientific validity in management. This is a principle, the use of which provides for the implementation of all managerial actions based on the use of approaches and scientific methods. Based on them, he must meet the basic requirements of science.
- Planning is a principle that establishes the main directions, tasks and development plans of the organization for the future.
- The combination of responsibility, rights and obligations. Within the framework of this principle, each individual entity in the organization can be endowed with certain powers and be responsible for the performance of the tasks assigned to it.
- Motivation is represented by the principle in which the effectiveness of the program of motivation and motivation of people to work by achieving the goals set for the individual and organization depends on the thorough implementation of the system of punishments and rewards. Moreover, it is a combination of external and internal forces. They prompt a person to carry out some actions. At the same time, the boundaries and forms of activity are determined that give motivation an orientation with an orientation towards achieving specific goals. It also affects human behavior through the use of many factors that can change under the influence of feedback from the individual.
- Stimulation is the process of encouraging the motivation of people. It is one of the means by which motivation can be directly implemented.
- Democratization of management is represented by the principle of the participation of all employees in the management of the enterprise. This principle of collegial activity ensures equal and active participation of workers and all other members of the team in it.
- Consistency is a principle that assumes a close interconnection of economic, socio-cultural and technological management decisions. It is the basis for decision making and interactions. Systematicity is a unity that has a regular disposition.
- Efficiency is based on the principle of achieving goals in a fairly short time and with little loss.
- The main link is the principle of solving and finding the most important problem among many similar ones.
- Optimality serves as the principle of the correlation between centralization and democratization, a combination of the creative activity of lower-level workers and direct management itself (known as “democratic centralism”).
- Responsibility and monitoring of the implementation of decisions are the principle of verification and constant monitoring for the purpose of supervision or verification.
Conclusion
It should be noted that collegiality can increase the objectivity and validity of all decisions made. However, their adoption can be carried out rather slowly. Therefore, the most correct decision may be to combine collegiality with one-man management.