Probably, if adjectives suddenly disappeared from our vocabulary, people would still be able to communicate. The other parts of the speech would be quite enough to express primitive needs: you need it, I want it! But without the words with which we describe beauty and ugliness, love and sadness, weakness and power, a language as such would no longer exist.
About adjectives
An adjective is the part of speech that describes various signs and answers the questions "what?", "Whose?" (respectively, "what?", "whose?", etc.). The adjective tells about such properties of the subject as color ( white, green ), smell or taste ( floral, salty, spicy ). Using adjectives characterize a person ( kind, nasty ), quality of the material ( fragile, hard ). You can evaluate someone else's activity ( good, bad ), talk about mental abilities ( wise, dumb ). In other words, only adjectives make our language accurate and comprehensive, giving it a wide variety of shades.
A large section of grammar is devoted to the study of adjectives, their properties and features. Let us dwell on only one type of data parts of speech. Get to know: exquisite adjectives!
About otmyny formations
Burnback formations are those that originated from the base of a noun or adjective (not from a verb). There are anonymous verbs ( supper, mischief ), even anonymous prepositions ( in view of, as a result, about ). But there may also be elusive adjectives. Examples of similar words formed on behalf of a noun: businesslike, gardening, full of holes, thatch, land, transcendental , as well as many others. Let's talk about this in more detail.
About the properties of adjectives
Variable adjectives are just a separate form of a large family of these parts of speech. Therefore, the characteristics that apply to all adjectives also apply to named ones. So, according to the lexical meaning, they can be attributed to 3 groups: relative, possessive, qualitative.
Qualitative adjectives report various properties of objects, such as weight and size ( small, light ), color and appearance ( white, full ), age and character ( young, evil ), etc. Relative adjectives also describe the characteristics of nouns, but indirectly, in relation to other objects. The objects of this relationship can be material ( paper, iron ), place ( rural, city ), time ( today, winter ), action ( harvesting, repair ), concept ( mathematical ), number ( double ), etc. Possessive adjectives characterize belonging to someone, they answer the questions "whose?" ("whose?", "whose?", "whose?"). Examples of possessive adjectives: hare, paternal, fish .
As we see, in each group there are also anonymous adjectives. Examples: possessive “wolf” from the noun “wolf”, relative “straw” (from “straw”), qualitative “golden” (from “gold”). By the way, on the example of the word “golden”, we see how the same word can be assigned to different types. In the combination “golden soul” this adjective appears as a qualitative one, and in the expression “golden ring” - as a relative.
About suffixes
The formation of anonymous adjectives occurs by adding to the roots of the names of nouns prefixes, suffixes, endings. Prefixes (prefixes) and endings usually do not raise special questions, but it is worth talking about suffixes in more detail. Suffixes of an exempt adjective are quite diverse. But in most cases, their correct spelling is easy to remember. In the suffixes “liv” and “chiv”, only “and” can be present: deceptive, conscientious . In the case of the “willow” and “ev” suffixes, the spelling rule looks like this: in the stressed syllable “willow” is written, in unstressed syllable - “ev” ( whining , but steering ). An exception to the rule are the words "gracious" and "holy fool". The suffixes “ov”, “ovat”, “ovit” are written after strong consonants, with the exception of “c”. Examples: artisan, guilty, businesslike . After soft consonants, hissing and "c" the variants of the used suffixes, respectively, are "ev", "evat", "evit": clothing, acne, glossy . It makes sense to dwell on cases where the spelling of suffixes of anonymous adjectives raises many questions.
About the suffix "ck"
Why do we write “German” but “French”? Such questions are often perplexing. The fact is that in the first case there is a suffix “k”, and in the second “ck”. But how do you know when each is written? The spelling of the named adjectives is governed by the following rule. If the base of nouns ends with “k”, “c” or “h”, then the suffix “k” should be used, while the letters “k” and “h” in the base of the word are changed to “c”: weaver - weaving, fist - Kulak, blacksmith - Kuznetsk . The suffix “ck” is more often used in relative adjectives. Example: Prague - Prague (here, in the root of the noun there is a change of "g" to "g"), a sailor - sailor (here "c" in the root of the noun together with the suffix "ck" will double the letter. If the noun ends in "ck" , as it happens in a number of old Russian names (Omsk, Yeysk), then anonymous adjectives are formed without any suffix: ney, Omsk .
It is interesting to write some exquisite adjectives derived from foreign geographic terms. We write Welsh (from Wales), omitting the letter “c” from the root, but adding the suffix “ck.” At the same time, in the word Daugavpils (from Daugavpils), “c” from the root of the noun together with the suffix “ck” will give us double “c” in the adjective. In the case of the adjective Damascus (from Damascus), the letter "k" at the end of the noun is lost, so it says "ss".
What are these examples talking about? On the ambiguity of the language and on various exceptions. So, contrary to the rules, we write: Tajik, Uzbek (and not Tajik, Uzbek ). These and other adjectives, the spelling of which does not fall under generally accepted rules, should simply be remembered.
Let's not double!
The letter “n” in the adjective suffix raises the most questions. When to use it alone, and when to double?
The first thing to do is to highlight the root of the nouns from which the named adjectives came from. The rule is simple: if this root does not end in "n", then in most cases there will be no doubling. Country (from the cottage ) - in such words, even thoughts do not arise to double something. In the suffixes “an”, “yang”, “in” there will also be no doubling: leather (leather), bee (bee), earthy (earth) . True, there are a few words where this rule does not work: glass, wooden, tin .
Important! In a number of nouns with the end of the root “n”, the formation of an amenable possessive adjective occurs without any suffix at all. Examples: boars, pork, crow, deer , etc. It is necessary to remember the presence of such words so as not to ask a seemingly logical question: "Why is only one" n "written in them?"
The use of "nn" in an exemplary adjective
According to the accepted rules, we write doubled “n” in the case of anonymous adjectives formed with the suffix “enn” or “onn”. For example: cranberry, promotional, sightseeing. By the way, the usual high-quality adjectives with the same suffix, emphasizing the highest degree of characteristic: wide, hefty, fall under the same rule.
The doubling of “n” is also characteristic of those adjectives that descended from nouns on “me”: name, seed, banner, tribe . The resulting result will look like this: nominal, tribal, seed, (red) banner .
With two "ns" one should also write those exemplary adjectives, the original noun for which had the letter "n" at the end of the root. Here, doubling occurs because the “n” of the suffix is ​​added to the existing letter: valuable (price), long (length), instant (instant) .
See the root!
The Russian language is not easy, and certain solutions do not always seem obvious. Therefore, it is worth recalling once again the need to highlight the root of the noun: this is what often contributes to the correct spelling of the name of the adjective. Why do we write swan , but ancient ? Because in the first example we have the suffix "in", where there can be no doubling. In the second case, “n” from the suffix is ​​added to “n” from the root of the noun “antiquity,” which gives us a doubling.
Conclusion
You can probably live without adjectives. But what language will it be? Primitive, limited, devoid of accuracy and beauty. It will have neither poetry, nor prose, nor even signs of civilization. Therefore, the study of adjectives is extremely necessary and at the same time extremely interesting.