Pit Beccari called a special structure designed to destroy the corpses of farm animals. It differs from the usual cattle cemetery in a special design. The corpses of animals in such a pit decompose faster. In addition, structures of this type provide the rapid death of most pathogenic microbes. Only the corpses of cattle fallen from anthrax do not destroy in the pits of Beccari.
What can be used for
Thus, the disposal of the bodies of dead animals is the main purpose of the Beccari pit. A biometric pit, however, can be used for several other purposes. For example, with its help can be utilized:
- corpses of birds and laboratory animals;
- stillborn and aborted livestock;
- confiscated products (farm products that do not meet the requirements of veterinary control );
- waste generated after processing raw materials of animal origin.
Where can I put
When constructing such an important facility as the Beccari pit, as well as during its operation, the SES standards must be observed. The place for this object should be chosen:
- out of water protection, reserved or forest zones;
- on an elevated, dry area of at least 600 m 2 ;
- on a site with a groundwater level not closer than 2 m to the surface of the earth;
- no closer than 200 meters to pastures and cattle passes;
- on a plot with convenient access roads;
- away from residential buildings (at least 1 km) and roads.
Only with the observance of all these rules can an environmentally friendly Beckari pit be constructed. A biometric pit is set up exclusively after coordination with the SEN center. At the same time, local administration bodies are usually involved in the selection of a site.
Pit Beccari: construction project and regulations
Choosing a place for such an object is a responsible matter. But when designing a pit, you should adhere to certain standards. The rules for the construction of the bunker must be observed such:
- around the structure a fence must be equipped with a height of at least 2 m;
- a trench is dug from the inside of the fence with a depth of about 1.4 m and a width of at least 1 m;
- for the free passage of personnel through the trench, a bridge is thrown;
- a canopy should be arranged above the pit;
- Before entering the cattle cemetery, a horse carrier for animals is installed.
A building is being erected next to the pit to open the bodies of animals and store disinfectants. The acceptance of the finished complex should be carried out in the presence of representatives of veterinary supervision.
How to build
On the site selected for the biometric pit, markup is first done. Then they begin excavation work. A rather large size is what ensures the efficiency of such a structure as the Beccari pit. The biometric pit most often has a size of 3 x 3 meters and a depth of 10 m. Its walls are bricked or poured with concrete in the formwork with a lead to the surface of 20-40 cm. A 2 m wide blind area is made around the resulting structure to prevent groundwater from seeping.
Overlap over the pit equip a two-layer. Inside it must be laid insulation. At the same time, a hole of 30 x 30 cm is left in its very center and closed with a hatch.
For ventilation, a pipe with a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 3 m is taken out of the pit. The canopy above the structure should be 6 x 3 m in size. Raise it to a height of 2.5 m from the soil level.
Terms of Use
It is in this way that the Beccari pit is built. A typical project of this structure involves observing the specific dimensions of all its structural elements. Large agricultural enterprises often equip several such sealed pits on one site. If desired, nearby farmers, as well as owners of household plots, can be handed over to the disposal of dead animals. Such a service is usually not very expensive (in the region of 250-500 rubles per corpse).
In any case, when using biothermal pits, the following standards must be observed:
- the gates of the cattle cemetery, as well as the hatch of the pit, are locked;
- various kinds of biological waste before being dumped into the pit are examined by a veterinarian;
- after each discharge, the pit hatch should be tightly closed;
- after full filling, the pit may be reused no earlier than two years later.
It is forbidden to graze livestock or mow grass in the territory of a cattle cemetery. It is also impossible to uncontrolledly remove from the territory of the complex the land and the gummed residue. Biological waste should be delivered to the pit in vehicles with a waterproof bottom or in barrels with closed lids.
How does the pit work
After loading the corpses of animals or some other type of biological waste, special processes begin to occur in the pit. After 20 days, the temperature in the bunker rises to 65 degrees. The decomposition of corpses occurs under the influence of thermophilic bacteria. Already at 35-40 days a homogeneous compost without odor is formed in the pit. If necessary, it can be used as fertilizer.
disadvantages
Thus, the possibility of disposal of the bodies of dead animals with minimal risk of spread of the infection into the environment is the main advantage that can be obtained with the help of such a facility as the Beccari pit. The biometric pit, however, has not only advantages.
The biggest disadvantage of structures of this type is that over time they begin to throw various kinds of carcinogenic substances into the environment. That is, a structure designed to minimize the risk of the spread of pathogens, in fact, itself begins to produce them.
In our country, such dangerous structures as the Beccari biothermal pit are still used everywhere. In the West, they are trying to gradually replace them with cremators. Structurally, such equipment is a metal container with a lid, a grate and a burner. After processing biological waste using such plants, only completely harmless ash remains. The design of modern cremators allows you to bring the temperature in their chamber up to 1200 degrees.