Need is the lack of things necessary for life. It is caused primarily by poverty. It happens that a man is a beggar, but due to some circumstances he does not need anything, for example, he is a monk or a hermit. The subject is in harmony with himself, and therefore he does not need anything.
Classical Interpretations
The word "need" implies an urgent need for something, and not necessarily food or clothing. Need is need, and there are several types of it. An acute lack of food and clothing relates to physical needs.
Unsatisfied requests in communication, friendship, affection can be called social. If a person does not have enough knowledge for self-expression, and he feels an urgent need to obtain it, obviously, this kind of need can be attributed to the "individual". It should be noted that need is by no means requests, which in themselves imply the abundance of the necessary and the possibility of choice.
From need to request
It can be assumed that need and need also differ from each other. Need, especially acute, is a little colored phenomenon. A person is hungry or freezes, he needs food and warmth. That is, need is something clear and rigid. Needs are multicolored and unlimited. Depending on many factors, they take a specific form.
So, in one individual there are needs arising from both the way of life and the educational level, about which another person does not know and lives perfectly without it. And these are really needs, not requests or delights.
We can say that requests are balanced needs, backed up by the ability to satisfy them. The individual needs, perhaps for work, a worthy expensive thing, and he can pay for it. Along with the concepts of "need", "need", "requests" there is the term "good." This is something that can satisfy all of the above. In turn, the benefits are tangible and intangible. There are an infinite number of them.
Marshall Classification
There are several classifications of needs and requirements in the literature. A lot has been written about this, there are classics of the genre, for example, the English economist
Alfred Marshall, who proposed his own scale of needs. He divides them into primary and secondary, absolute and relative, higher and lower, positive and negative, those that can be postponed, and urgent. As well as general and special, ordinary and extraordinary, individual and collective, private and public. It can be assumed that the need, for example, for food, according to this classification, can be both primary, and absolute, and private, and urgent, and, in this case, lower.
Maslow Pyramid
A major American psychologist, Abraham Maslow, took an active part in the study of needs, needs and requests. The “Maslow Pyramid”, which is a hierarchy of human needs from the lowest to the highest, is very popular. The author believes that as the needs necessary for survival are met, a person gradually needs higher orders.
In the most simplified form, the pyramid as it approaches the highest point can be divided into the following steps. Primary - the need for protection from hunger and cold. The next is the desire to protect and protect yourself. When a person is full and protected, the idea of ​​a social status arises . Once in a particular society, the subject seeks respect and support from others. At the very top of the pyramid is the need for self-expression. Abraham Maslow said that there are an infinite number of needs, but they have one thing in common: satisfying all of them is unthinkable due to limited economic resources.
Own needs
As already noted, the needs are different, for example, their own and state. The concept of “own needs” is very capacious. Each person has such needs, for each group of people, for every unit of society, for each organization, and so on. And each object or subject needs to know these needs and how to satisfy them to extend their own existence, since an imbalance in these issues will lead to the depletion of resources provided for meeting the needs. But there is a technological concept of “own needs”, there is such a cost item. They are laid down in the plans for the development and existence of any object. And this is done in order to provide the necessary funds to meet the needs and requirements of the facility, ensuring its uninterrupted operation.
State needs
The country also has its own needs. State need unites the needs of all branches of government (legislative, executive, judicial) at all levels - federal, regional and municipal. These needs and their sources of satisfaction (mainly taxpayer funds) are laid down in the budgets of each level. Extrabudgetary funds also go for these purposes .
The needs and requirements of the country or its entities are established in strict accordance with the law. Government needs include the need for national defense. It should be noted that state need is a kind of loophole for unscrupulous officials who, due to imperfect laws, use it for their own enrichment. You can enter an extra expense item, you can increase requests in existing paragraphs and paragraphs.
As noted above, each state level has its own needs and requirements. Municipal need is akin to state or federal, but usually smaller. The needs of municipalities have their own specifics, which is not surprising in such a huge country. The goods, work, services necessary for carrying out the activities of municipalities represent the needs of these territorial-administrative entities.
“Hunger moves the world”
It should be noted that need, need, requests - all these concepts are the basis of marketing, the purpose of which is the promotion and sale of goods and services in the market. It is based on a scientific approach to everyday things.
Marketing takes into account that need is a need or a feeling of acute lack of something or someone. The desire to satisfy a need is in itself a causative agent of activity, a concentration of forces on satisfying a need. Need is very inventive and, depending on different situations, always manifests itself in different ways.