The verb, like any independent part of speech, has a number of morphological features. One of the permanent attributes of a verb is a view.
In general, the presence of a category of a species is characteristic of Slavic languages. Species forms of verbs denote the logical relationship of the action with the time of its completion. In other words, the meaning of the type of verb is completeness or incompleteness.
In Russian, verbs can be perfect and imperfect
. A perfect view indicates an action that has either occurred or will be completed:
Dmitry (what did he do?) Found out that in this microdistrict soon (what would they do?) They would build a house.
An imperfect view is distinguished by what the process of action itself means, and not by the fact of its completion:
They (what were they doing?) Ran towards each other. Children (what are they doing?) Behave directly.
Verbs of this kind are often used in speech to indicate recurring events:
Eugene daily (what does?) Reads books in English.
Peter every morning (what does he do?) Goes to work on foot.
Species forms of verbs in the Russian language differ in
morphemic composition. Non-derivative verbs in which there is no prefix, as a rule, refer to an imperfect form, and derivative words from them to perfect. Moreover, the transition from one species to another in most cases is accompanied by a change in lexical meaning.
Compare:
Cutting - what to do? - nesov. in. Cut - what to do? - owls in.;
Change - what to do? - nesov. in. Substitute - what to do? - owls in.
But not always the form of the verb can be determined by the presence or absence of word-forming morphemes (prefixes and suffixes). For example, some verbs formed by the prefix method retain an imperfect appearance:
(what to do?) walk - go - come - go.
Verbs make up a species pair if they have one lexical meaning:
- illustrate - illustrate;
- unite - unite;
- to build - to build.
In most cases, these are single-root forms.
Verbs with different roots in the same species pair are extremely few in Russian:
- speak - say;
- to take - to take.
Species forms of verbs that make up a couple are even less common, differing only in stress:
Many verbs do not have a pair at all, they are usually called monotonous:
- to shout (sov. century);
- sleep (sov.v.);
- to be present (nons. century).
If both questions fit the word: "what to do?" and โwhat to do?โ means a two-type verb. Such forms of verbs convey semantic nuances characteristic of their kind, precisely in the context of the sentence:
Man (what is doing?) Does not use all the capabilities of his brain.
To test knowledge, the teacher tomorrow (what will he do?) Uses tests.
As we see, from such homonyms we obtain species-temporary forms of verbs: their differences lie not only in the species affiliation, but also in relation to the time of the event.
Both types of verbs have a number of grammatical differences. For example, in the perfect form, the present tense form is absent, and in the imperfect form, the future tense form consists of two words.
So, knowledge of the semantic and grammatical differences of species forms is necessary for the accuracy and expressiveness of speech, since the incorrect use of verbs can lead not only to a distortion of meaning, but also to stylistic errors.